腹膜透析患者营养指标的评估

目的 :　对腹膜透析患者的一些营养指标进行评估。方法 :　对 90例持续性不卧床腹膜透析 ( CAPD腹透 )患者进行主观综合性营养评估 ( SGA)、膳食调查、直接人体测量、生化参数的测定 ,计算氮出现率相当蛋白 ( n PNA)、瘦体重和 %瘦体重。结果 :　依据 SGA评分 ,在营养良好、轻中度营养不良及重度营养不良三组间进行以下指标比较 :平均每日每公斤体重能量和蛋白质摄入 ( DEI、DPI)、血白蛋白、n PNA、瘦体重及 %瘦体重 ,均有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 0 1～ 0 .0 5 )。但营养良好组的 DPI和 DEI异常率 70 .2 1 % ,血白蛋白和 %瘦体重异常率 31 .91 %和 5 1 .0 6% ,而轻中度营养不良组血白蛋白和 %瘦体重正常率为 49.39%和 67.74% ,仅重度营养不良组中各指标异常率均在 80 %以上。直接人体测量指标体重指数、三头肌皮褶厚度和上臂肌围在本组患者中的异常率为 4.44% ,6.67%及 1 3.33%。血前白蛋白、转铁蛋白与白蛋白有显著相关 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,与 DPI、DEI、n PNA及 %瘦体重均无相关。结论 :　SGA是评价腹透患者营养状况的简便方法 ,但还需其它反映营养状况不同侧面的指标的补充 ,如 DEI、DPI、血白蛋白、n PNA、瘦体重及 %瘦体重。其中用肌酐动力学公式计算瘦体重是反映肌肉蛋白质贮存的有效方法。直接人体测?

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional markers in peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods: We examined SGA, dietary diaries, direct anthropometry, biochemical indices in 90 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Then, the normalized protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance (nPNA), lean body mass (LBM) and %LBM were calculated. Results: These patients were classified to three nutritional categories based on SGA (i.e. normal nutrition, mild to moderate malnutrition, severe malnutrition). The dietary protein intake(DPI), dietary energy intake(DEI), serum albumin(Alb), nPNA, LBM and %LBM were significantly different among three groups (P<0.001-0.05). The abnormal rates of measures in normal nutrition group were DPI or DEI 70.21%, Alb 31.91% and LBM 51.06% . Only in severe malnutrition group, the abnormal rates of all measures were above 80%. The normal rates of Alb and %LBM in mild to moderate malnutrition group were 49.39% and 67.74%. The abnormal rates of body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold (TSF) and arm muscle circumference (AMC) in all CAPD patients were 4.44%, 6.67% and 13.33% respectively. Serum prealbumin (PA) and transferrin (TF) were correlated with Alb(P<0.001), but not with DPI, DEI, nPNA and %LBM. Conclusion: SGA is a clinically simple measure of nutritional status in peritoneal dialysis patients. But other measures reflecting different aspects of nutritional status are needed, such as DPI, DEI, Alb, nPNA, LBM and %LBM. LBM calculated from creatinine kinetics is a valid measure reflecting muscle protein status. Direct anthropometry is neither sensitive nor adaptable to our CAPD patients. PA and TF are not recommended as routine measures of nutritional status in peritoneal dialysis patients.