骨盆骨折大出血伴凝血病的救治策略

目的总结骨盆骨折大出血伴凝血病的救治方法和治疗效果。方法对1995年1月~2003年2月及2007年1月~2015年12月笔者科室收治的严重骨盆骨折大出血病例临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中1995~2003年未采用损害控制外科(DCS)及损害控制复苏(DCR)治疗的198例作为对照组;2007~2015年按照DCS及DCR技术治疗的423例作为治疗组。对照组均行Ⅰ期手术治疗;治疗组Ⅰ期急诊先行髂内动脉断血术以控制出血,伴脏器损伤者同时行相应手术控制出血并阻断污染,然后转往ICU按DCR原则行复苏治疗,生命体征平稳后行确定性手术。结果对照组发生创伤性凝血病52例,其中死亡23例,死亡率44.23%(23/52)。治疗组中382例有进行性出血,86例出现凝血障碍。382例进行性出血急诊行髂内动脉断血术,其中206例加用骨盆外固定支架。对合并脏器伤按DCS原则行剖腹手术,同时按DCR原则作止血性复苏,及时输入血液制品及凝血因子。ICU复苏治疗生命体征平稳后行骨盆骨折固定等确定性手术。主要并发症包括盆腹腔感染17例、腹腔间隙综合征22例、脂肪栓塞综合征12例、深静脉血栓形成30例。治疗组中发生凝血病者死亡率为22.09%(19/86),主要死因为失血性休克。结论严重骨盆骨折易并发创伤性凝血病。按照DCR原则行低压复苏和止血性复苏,同时行髂内动脉断血术加骨盆外固定支架控制出血,将明显提高救治生存率。

Treatment strategy of pelvic fractures associated with trauma induced coagulopathy

Objective To summarize managing methods for pelvic fractures associated with trauma induced coagulopathy.Methods A retrospective analysis was done on the clinical data of 423 cases of severe pelvic frac-tures treated by damage control surgery(DCS) and damage control resuscitation(DCR) from Jan.2007 to Dec. 2015.Another 198 cases,as the control group,were treated without DCS or DCR from Jan.1995 to Feb.2003.And the former was as the study group.The control group underwent definitive operation initially.The study group un-derwent internal iliac arteries devascularization in the first place, followed by surgical interventions for hemostasis and blocking contamination.Patients were then transferred to ICU for further resuscitation based on DCR protocol. Definitive operations were performed only when patients became stable.Results Traumatic induced coagulopathy developed in 52 patients in the control group,including 23 deaths among them.And the mortality was 44.23%(23/52) .In the study group,there were 382 cases with ongoing hemorrhage,and trauma induced coagulopathy occurred in 86 cases.A total of 382 patients with ongoing hemorrhage underwent emergent internal iliac arteries devascular-ization,206 of whom received pelvic external fixation.In patients associated with visceral injuries,laparotomy was performed in accordance with DCS.Abiding by the principle of damage control resuscitation,hemostatic resuscitation measures were performed,and blood products and coagulation factor were transfused in the first place.The definitive surgery was performed when vital signs got stable after further resuscitation in ICU.The main complications included 17 cases of sepsis of pelvic and abdominal cavity,22 cases of abdominal compartment syndrome,12 cases of fat em-bolisation syndrome,and 30 cases of deep venous embolism.The death rate of the study group was 22.09%(19/86).The main cause of death was hemorrhagic shock.Conclusion Trauma induced coagulapathy would easily develop when pelvic fractures are severe.It would be greatly helpful in treating such patients with DCR protocol, combined with internal iliac arteries devascularization and pelvic external fixation to control hemorrhage,and the sur-vival rate will be improved obviously.