狂犬疫苗接种后抗体水平及免疫效果观察

目的了解狂犬疫苗的免疫效果、抗体产生的情况和可能影响的因素。方法采用ELISA法对2 413例被犬、猫致伤者注射狂犬疫苗后14d的血清标本进行抗体检测。结果接种疫苗后抗体阳性率为97.1%,年龄在70岁~组的抗体阳性率最低,为94.1%;全程注射狂犬疫苗者抗体阳性率为95.8%,未全程注射者阳性率为89.2%,同时注射狂犬免疫球蛋白者抗体阳性率为100.0%,各组间差异有统计学意义（χ2=45.49,P〈0.05）。女性阳性率高于男性,差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.58,P〈0.05）;接种进口疫苗者1 242例,阳性率95.4%,国产疫苗者998例,阳性率98.8%,进口疫苗和国产疫苗混合173例,阳性率99.0%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=24.31,P〈0.05）。结论对被犬、猫致伤者及时接种狂犬疫苗可获得有效地保护。严重暴露者狂犬免疫球蛋白和疫苗联合免疫可获得最佳的免疫效果。

Survey of immune effect of rabies vaccine and influencial factors

Objective To understand the immune effect of rabies vaccine and the factors related with the vaccination.Methods The 2 413 cases treated with rabies vaccine after bitten either by dogs and cats were detected by ELISA for antibody against rabies virus 14 days after vaccination.Results The antibosy positive rate after vaccination was 97.1% and the positive rate was the lowesr in the age group of over 70 years(94.1%).The antibody positive rates in those with full course and those without full course were 95.8%...