不同年代育龄妇女婚育观及其变化的回顾性研究

目的:了解50～60年代和80年代育龄妇女的婚姻观念和多子女生育的原因。方法:以村为单位整群或随机抽样,问卷调查70周岁以上和50～60周岁的两组多子女母亲。比较初婚平均年龄、实际生育子女数、理想生育子女数、性别偏爱、非意愿生育、避孕节育等方面的差别。结果:80年代育龄妇女的初婚平均年龄比50～60年代育龄妇女晚2.22岁;前者的非意愿生育明显低于后者,后者的意愿生育明显高于前者,两构成比较差异高度显著(χ2=72.86,P<0.01);对子女性别偏爱差异不显著。结论:50～60年代的育龄妇女今天已经变成老妇,但她们传统的婚育观念也在随时间的变化而变化,其儿女随时代婚育观已发生变化。

A retrospective study on marital and childbearing attitude of women at reproductive age of different generations

Objective：To explore the marital and childbearing attitude of women at reproductive age in the 1950s to1960s and the 1980s.Methods：A total of 4,145 women at reproductive age in the 1950s to 1960s and 872 in the 1980s were recruited through a cluster or random sampling.A questionnaire was filled.The average age at the first marriage,the numbers of birth,the numbers of children they wanted to have,gender preference,the numbers of children from unwanted pregnancies,and contraceptive measures were evaluated.Results：The average age at the first marriage in the women of the 1980s was 2.22 years later than that of the women in the 1950s to 1960s.The proportion of unwanted pregnancy in women in the 1950s to 1960s was significantly higher（χ^2=72.86,P〈0.01）.There was no significant difference in the gender preference between the two groups.Conclusion：The marital and childbearing attitude of women at reproductive age are changing over time.