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2013年新疆地区HIV感染者/AIDS患者的膳食模式及KAP调查分析
引用本文:努尔比耶·艾海提,阿里木·帕塔尔,帕热扎木·木塔力甫,阿迪拉·阿力木,古丽赛娜木·艾合买提,古孜力克孜·阿布都克热木,斯皮热古丽·阿布都卡地. 2013年新疆地区HIV感染者/AIDS患者的膳食模式及KAP调查分析[J]. 地方病通报, 2014, 0(2): 24-27
作者姓名:努尔比耶·艾海提  阿里木·帕塔尔  帕热扎木·木塔力甫  阿迪拉·阿力木  古丽赛娜木·艾合买提  古孜力克孜·阿布都克热木  斯皮热古丽·阿布都卡地
作者单位:新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,乌鲁木齐830054
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(81360425);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(200923112)
摘    要:
目的了解新疆地区HIV感染者/AIDS患者膳食模式、膳食营养素摄人量和相关知识-态度-行为(KAP),为制定科学的膳食模式提供依据。方法采用营养流行病学的方法,设计膳食摄人情况以及相关行为调查表,确定感染者/患者的膳食摄入状况及行为相关情况。结果109例调查对象中以农民和无业者最多,分别占39.4%、33.9%,文化程度小学及以下者占40.4%;膳食结构中豆类及其制品摄人者仅占11.9%,动物性食物者占25.6%,其他畜禽肉、海产品类摄入甚少;除了膳食结构不合理外,患者中吸烟(x^2=39.64)、饮酒(x^2=6.65)分别占43.1%和10.1%,且男女间差异有统计学意义(均P〈0.05);平时体育锻炼者仅占17.4%;体重下降(x^2=6.657)和食欲减退(x^2=18.88)两个指标男女间差异有统计学意义(均P〈0.05)。结论新疆的HIV/AIDS感染者/患者大部分属低文化层次人群,信息来源较为闭塞,营养相关知识掌握甚少;患者中就餐不规律情况较普遍,膳食模式中动物性食物摄入量较少,而导致蛋白质、能量、维生素及矿物质的摄入量不足;感染者/患者的防病意识和自我保健意识淡薄,缺乏卫生保健和营养相关知识;应加强对艾滋病患者营养保健知识的宣传,使广大患者形成有益于健康的行为和生活方式,从而防治疾病,提高生活质量。

关 键 词:HIV感染者  AIDS患者  膳食模式  知识-态度-行为(KAP)

Research of dietary patterns and KAP in HIV/AIDS infectors/patients in Xinjiang, 2013
Affiliation:Nurbiya AHAT, Parizam MUTALIE Adila ALIM, Gulsanam AHMAT, Guzalkiz ABUDUKERAM, Sipirgul ABUDKADIR College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
Abstract:
Objective To understand dietary patterns, intake of dietary nutrition, and relevant knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) of HIV/AIDS infectors/patients in Xinjiang, to provide scientific basis for formulating improvement strategies of di- etary pattern. Methods Nutrition epidemiology was taken to design questionnaire of the dietary intake and related be- havior so as to identify condition and behavior of HIV/AIDS infectors/patients. Results Out of the investigated 109 infec- tors/patients, most of them were farmers and the unemployed, accounting for 39.4% and 33.9%, respectively, and 40.4% were under the background of primary school and illiteracy. Dietary structure showed that intake of beans and its products was only 11.9% and animal food intake accounted for 25.6%, while average intake of other livestock, poultry meat, and sea- food was rare. Besides the unreasonable dietary structure, smoking (x^2=39.64) and drinking (x^2=6.65) accounted for 43.1% and 10.1%, without statistical differences between men and women (P〈0.05). Only 17.4% of the infectors/patients took ev- eryday exercise. There were statistical differences in weight loss (x^2=6.657) and loss of appetite (x^2=18.88) between men and women (P〈0.05). Conclusions Most of the HIV/AIDS infectors/patients in Xinjiang are under the background of low lit- eracy. It is so hard for them to get information that they know little about nutrition. And irregular dining situation is relatively common among them. Intake of protein, energy, vitamins and mineral is insufficient due to the deficiency of animal food con- sumption. Consciousness of disease prevention and self health care in the patients is indifferent and they are lack of related knowledge about health care and nutrition. Health education on nutrition knowledge should be strengthened in AIDS patients to create a beneficial healthy behavior and life style, so as to prevent disease and improve quality of life.
Keywords:HIV/AIDS infectors/patients  Dietary pattern  KAP
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