错(牙合)畸形对青少年自尊发展影响的多因素分析

目的 了解不同牙颌畸形与青少年自尊发展的关系。方法 通过错he畸形流行病学调查，筛选出344例受试者。其中健康对照组78人，安氏Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类错he者分别为91例、93例、82例。各牙颌畸形组又分为轻度、中度、重度，年龄在12-18岁。调查对象为大连市中小学生。采用儿童自尊量表(children self-esteem scale，CSES)，对所得数据进行统计学处理。首先将两个量表的各分量表进行单因素分析，然后对有意义的变量应用多元线性逐步回归及二分类logistic多元回归模型，进行控制和筛选。进一步发现影响青少年低自尊的危险因素。结果 牙颌畸形对于青少年自尊有影响：①畸形类型与自尊总值、外表分量表测值有显著相关性，单因素及多因素分析结果显示，安氏Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类错he患者的分值明显低于正常对照组，其中Ⅱ类错he患者分值最低。重度畸形是外表意象低的危险因素。②牙颌畸形程度与自尊总值、外表分量表和成就感分量表测值呈负相关。牙颌畸形越重，自尊值越低。③男性患者的外表自信高于女性。结论①青少年时期(12～18岁)牙颌畸形主要影响其外表自尊值。其中安氏Ⅱ类错he者外表自尊值低于安氏Ⅰ类和Ⅲ类。②重度牙颌畸形对于青少年的外表自尊影响大，中度、重度畸形者自尊值低于轻度和对照组。③女性患者外表自尊低于男性。④牙颌畸形患者自尊总值低于健康对照组。

The impact of malocclusion on self-esteem of adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between malocclusions and self-esteem of adolescents. METHODS: 344 subjects with normal occlusion and different types of malocclusion were classified into four groups by Angle's classification, (91 students in class I group, 93 students in class II group, 82 students in class III group, and 78 in normal group). 344 school students aged 12 to 18 years in Dalian were assessed one by one using the Children Self-Esteem Scale (CSES). The statistic analyses were performed with, single-factor analysis, multivariate linear regression and unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Malocclusions negatively affect self-esteem. Class II malocclusion has higher risk than class I and class III malocclusions. The patients with severe dentofacial deformity are at highest risk for low appearance self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: Malocclusion negatively affects self-esteem of adolescents. Serious dentofacial deformity is the highest risk factor in the low appearance self-esteem.