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Sustained attention in sensory modulation disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Affiliation:1. School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel;2. School of Education and School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Israel;1. Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria;2. iDN – Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria;3. Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing Group, MMK, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;4. Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria;5. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, iDN – Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany;6. Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden;1. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri;2. Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri;3. Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri;4. Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri;5. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri;6. Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California;7. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California;8. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;1. Curry School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, 405 Emmet Street, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, United States;2. Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 8180, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States;3. The Swain Center for Listening, Communication and Learning, 795 Farmers Ln #23, Santa Rosa, CA, 95405, United States;4. School of Education, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, United States;5. MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, 2825 50th St., Sacramento, CA, 95817, United States;1. Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;2. Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;3. BioStats Statistical Consulting Ltd, Modiin, Israel;4. Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel;5. The Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel;1. Department of Occupational Therapy at Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan;2. Department of Sport Performance at National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan;3. Department of Special Education at National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;4. Department of Occupational Therapy at I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Abstract:BackgroundThere are high comorbidity rates between sensory modulation disorder (SMD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Knowledge regarding the objective neuropsychological differentiation between them is scarce.AimThis study examines the effects of SMD and ADHD on a sustained attention task with and without aversive auditory conditions.MethodSixty six young adult females were tested on the Conjunctive - Continuous Performance Task-Visual (CCPT-V) measuring sustained attention, under two conditions: 1) aversive condition (with the three most aversive sounds chosen by the participant), and 2) non-aversive condition (without sounds).ResultsBoth the SMD and ADHD factors exhibited performance deficits in the sustained attention task. All study participants performed worse on both sustained attention and speed of processing when aversive sounds were present.ConclusionWe conclude that impaired sustained attention cannot differentiate between SMD and ADHD. Hence, these results should be taken under consideration in the assessment process of ADHD vs. SMD.
Keywords:Sensory modulation disorder (SMD)  Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  Continuous performance task  Sustained attention  Aversive auditory stimuli
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