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Exploring the brain in pain: Activations,deactivations and their relation
Authors:Jian Kong  Marco L. Loggia  Carolyn Zyloney  Peichi Tu  Peter LaViolette  Randy L. Gollub
Affiliation:1. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA;2. MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA;3. MGH/MIT CRC Biomedical Imaging Core, Charlestown, MA, USA;4. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Abstract:
The majority of neuroimaging studies on pain focuses on the study of BOLD activations, and more rarely on deactivations. In this study, in a relatively large cohort of subjects (N = 61), we assess (a) the extent of brain activation and deactivation during the application of two different heat pain levels (HIGH and LOW) and (b) the relations between these two directions of fMRI signal change. Furthermore, in a subset of our subjects (N = 12), we assess (c) the functional connectivity of pain-activated or -deactivated regions during resting states. As previously observed, we find that pain stimuli induce intensity dependent (HIGH pain > LOW pain) fMRI signal increases across the pain matrix. Simultaneously, the noxious stimuli induce activity decreases in several brain regions, including some of the ‘core structures’ of the default network (DMN). In contrast to what we observe with the signal increases, the extent of deactivations is greater for LOW than HIGH pain stimuli. The functional dissociation between activated and deactivated networks is further supported by correlational and functional connectivity analyses. Our results illustrate the absence of a linear relationship between pain activations and deactivations, and therefore suggest that these brain signal changes underlie different aspects of the pain experience.
Keywords:fMRI   Resting state   Default network   Cross-modal interaction   Functional connectivity   Gender difference
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