婴幼儿麻疹并发气胸/气肿12例临床分析

目的分析婴幼儿麻疹并发气胸或纵隔/皮下气肿的危险因素及其治疗方法。方法对1997年1月-2008年12月间因麻疹并发气胸或纵隔/皮下气肿住院婴幼儿12例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果婴幼儿麻疹并发气胸或纵隔/皮下气肿危险因素包括:缺乏麻疹抗体的保护、剧烈咳嗽、继发耐药细菌感染未有效控制、不恰当喂药或喂食导致呛咳、<1岁男婴等。单纯纵隔气肿或少量气胸可行非手术治疗;引起呼吸困难或张力性气胸可局部穿刺减压;必要时可行胸腔闭式引流。结论早期判断麻疹患儿气胸/气肿合并症并积极治疗是影响患儿预后的重要因素。

Clinical analysis of 12 cases infants with measles complicated by pneumothorax/emphysema

Objective To analyze the risk factors and treatment of children with measles complicated by pneumothorax or mediastinal/subcutaneous emphysema.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 12 cases infants,hospitalized from January 1997 to December 2008,of measles with pneumothorax or mediastinal/subcutaneous emphysema.Results The risk factors included：Lack of measles antibody protection;Severe coughing;Uncontrolled secondary infection of resistant bacteria;Choking caused by inappropriate feeding or oral administration.As for the treatment,pneumomediastinum alone or a little pneumothorax may be treated conservatively;Breathing difficulties caused by pneumomediastinum or tension pneumothorax need puncture decompression;If necessary,closed thoracic drainage should be conducted.Conclusion Diagnosis and appropriate treatment emphysema/pneumothorax complications in infants with measles are important factors in the prognosis.