腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗继发性胆道结石术后并发症分析

目的 分析腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗继发胆道结石的术后并发症。方法 105例患者依据检查结果采用2种不同的胆道探查方式：(1)胆囊结石合并胆道继发结石，胆囊管有明显扩张或经胆囊管扩张术可顺利通过胆道镜的患者，采用腹腔镜联合胆道镜经胆囊管胆道探查取石术(laparoscopic transcyctic common bile duct exploration，LTCBDE)，术后不放“T”管引流；(2)若胆囊管细且无扩张，或胆囊管存在变异，采用腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开胆道取石术( laparoscopic common bile duct exploration，LCBDE)。其中若胆道内结石较少，结石无嵌顿则一期缝合胆道且不放“T”管，术后放腹腔引流管。若胆道下端结石嵌顿取石过程困难，或结石多、取石时间长则放“T”管引流同时放腹腔引流管。结果 共行LTCBDE+腹腔镜胆囊切除70例，LCBDE+腹腔镜胆囊切除35例，其中放T管14例，不放T管21例。术后腹腔积液17例，其中LTCBDE组6例，LCBDE组11例。胆汁性腹膜炎5例，LTCBDE组1例，LCBDE组4例。腹部疼痛13例，LTCBDE组4例，LCBDE组9例。体温增高11例，LTCBDE组3例，LCBDE组8例。以上并发症均经腹腔穿刺引流保守治疗痊愈。LCBDE组术后T管脱出2例，分别发生在术后当天和术后第2天，经再手术治愈。LCBDE组胆道残余结石14例，均经胆道镜完全取出；LTCBDE组随访43例，术后3个月复查B超未发现残余胆道结石。LTCBDE组中1例出现胆囊动脉夹脱落出血再次腹腔镜止血痊愈；LCBDE组术后放T管中有1例出现胆漏经腹腔引流10 d治愈。所有病例术后无胰腺炎发作。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗继发胆道结石可通过术前确切评估和术中正确处理避免或减少术后并发症的发生。

Complications after bile duct exploration for secondary choledocholithiasis using a combined laparoscopic and choledochoscopic approach

Objective To study the complications after laparoscopic bile duct exploration.Methods Two approaches for bile duct exploration were used in 105 patients: (1) laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE) was used for patients with gallstones with choledocholithiasis and cystic duct dilation. No T tube was used for drainage, (2) Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) was used for patients with gallstones with choledocholithiasis but without cystic duct dilation. The common bile duct was sutured primarily without T tube drainage in those patients with a small number of stones. T tube drainage was used in those patients with many stones or severe edema at the lower end of the common bile duct. Results We carried out LTCBDE+ LC in 70 patients and LCBDE+LC in 35 patients, 14 patients had T tube drainage and 21 patients had no T tubes in the latter group of patients. Postoperatively, there were ascites in 17 patients (LTCBDE 6 and LCBDE 11 ), biliary peritonitis in 5 patients (1 LTCBDE and 4 LCBDE), abdominal pain in 13 patients (LTCBDE 4 and LCBDE 9), and fever in 11 patients (LTCBD 3 and LCBDE 8). All the complications responded to conservative treatment. 14 patients in the LCBDE group had residual stones.Choledochoscopy was used to remove the residual stones. There was no pancreatitis. Conclusions Adequate preoperative workup, good clinical judgment and precise treatment skill help to reduce complication rates after operation for gallstones with choledocholithiasis.