肛门内括约肌切除套入式吻合保肛术治疗超低位直肠癌61例

目的探讨经腹经肛门行肛门内括约肌切除套入式吻合保肛术治疗超低位直肠癌的安全性和临床效果。方法回顾性分析北京军区北京总医院收治的61例超低位直肠癌（距肛缘4－5cm）患者接受经腹肛门内括约肌切除套入式吻合保肛术治疗的临床资料。结果61例患者中男34例,女27例;平均年龄56．7岁。癌灶下缘距肛缘4cm者21例,5cm者40例：病理诊断直肠腺癌55例,其中高分化者24例,中分化者29例,低分化者2例;腺瘤癌变6例;TNM分期：T1N0M0为36例,T2N0M0为23例,T3N1M0为2例。术后1-3个月排粪自控能力明显改善,6-12个月时肛门排粪控制功能基本恢复正常。术后发生吻合口瘘2例（3.3％）,吻合口狭窄3例（4．9％）。54例（88．5％）患者接受了术后随访,中位随访时间为6．2年。术后复发3例（5．6％）,5年生存率73．5％。结论肛门内括约肌切除套人式吻合保肛术治疗超低位直肠癌是一种安全、有效的保肛术式。

Analysis of 61 cases undergoing sphincter-preserving procedure with intersphincteric resection by telescopic anastomosis for ultra-low rectal cancer

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of sphincter-preserving procedure with transabdominal intersphincteric resection for ultra-low rectal cancer. Methods Clinical data of 61 cases with ultra-low rectal cancer (distance from anal verge ranged from 4-5 cm) were analyzed retrospectively. The patients underwent sphincter-preserving procedure with intersphincteric resection and telescopic anastomosis. Results There were 34 males and 27 females. The mean age was 56.7 years. The inferior border of the tumor was 4 cm above the anal verge in 21 cases, and 5 cm in 40 cases. There 55 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma in this cohort. The tumor was welldifferentiated in 24 cases, moderately-differentiated in 29 cases, and poorly-differentiated in 2 cases. There were 6 cases with malignant adenoma. The TNM staging was T1N0M0 in 36 cases, T2N0M0 in 23, and T3N1M0 in 2. The ability to control defecation significantly improved in 1-3 months postoperatively, and returned to normal in 6-12 months. Two patients developed anastomotic leak (3.3％), and 3 anastomotic stenosis (4.9％) postoperatively. Fifty-four patients(88.5％) had follow-up.The median follow-up time was 6.2 years. The local recurrence rate was 5.6％, and the 5-year-survival rate was 73.5％. Conclusion Sphincter-preserving procedure with intersphincteric resection and telescopic anastomosis is a safe and effective procedure for ultra-low rectal cancer.