In inferior myocardial infarction,neither ST elevation in lead V1 nor ST depression in lead I are reliable findings for the diagnosis of right ventricular infarction

Objective

In the presence of inferior myocardial infarction (MI), ST depression (STD) in lead I has been claimed to be accurate for diagnosis of right ventricular (RV) MI. We sought to evaluate this claim and also whether ST Elevation (STE) in lead V1 would be helpful, with or without STD in V2.

Methods

Retrospective study of consecutive inferior STEMI, comparing ECGs of patients with, to those without, RVMI, as determined by angiographic coronary occlusion proximal to the RV marginal branch. STE and STD were measured at the J-point, relative to the PQ junction. The primary outcomes were sensitivity/specificity of 1) STD in lead I?≥?0.5?mm and 2) STE in lead V1?≥?0.5?mm, stratified by presence or absence of posterior (inferobasal) MI, as determined by ≥0.5?mm STD in lead V2, for differentiating RVMI from non-RVMI.

Results

Of 149 patients with inferior STEMI, 43 (29%) had RVMI and 106 (71%) did not. There was no difference in the presence or absence of at least 0.5?mm STD in Lead I between patients with (37/43, 86%) vs. without RVMI (85/106, 80%, p?=?0.56). In those with, vs. without, RVMI, (15/43, 35%) had STE in V1, versus (17/106, 16%) (p?=?0.015). Specificity of STE in V1 for RVMI was 84%; sensitivity was 35%. Sensitivity was higher without (69%), than with (35%), STD in V2.

Conclusion

Among inferior STEMI, the presence of any ST depression in lead I does not help to diagnose RVMI. ST elevation ≥0.5?mm in lead V1 is specific for RVMI, and moderately sensitive only if concomitant STD?≥?0.5?mm in V2 is not present. Although STE in V1 is quite specific, overall the diagnostic characteristics of the standard 12?lead ECG are inadequate to definitively diagnose, or exclude, RVMI, as defined angiographically.