鄂西北山区艾滋病自愿检测者行为干预效果

目的了解艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)者艾滋病预防知识了解情况。方法以问卷调查的方式了解艾滋病VCT者对艾滋病有关知识的知晓程度,然后进行艾滋病健康教育行为干预,比较干预前、后调查问卷并进行评价。结果艾滋病VCT者了解艾滋病一般知识,但对艾滋病预防和阻断的有效方式等较深层次知识缺乏,并且均缺乏使用安全套防护意识。对艾滋病病毒主要存在于人体的血液/精液/阴道分泌物/乳汁/伤口渗出液中、日常接触(握手、一起吃饭、喝水)是否可以感染艾滋病、用别人的衣物(特别是内衣)、毛巾、脚盆、浴盆易传染艾滋病、正确使用避孕套能否预防性病/艾滋病、婚外性行为易传染艾滋病、婚外性行为使用安全套能预防艾滋病,这6个问题回答准确率较低分别是24.0%、43.7%、44.3%、23.4%、45.6%、44.3%,干预后这6个问题回答正确率分别是93.7%、88.6%、92.4%、88.6%、87.3%、88.0%;对艾滋病恐惧的人数、接受咨询而不抽血检测人数、性行为不愿使用安全套人数干预前分别为15.1%、10.6%、11.4%,干预后分别为1.5%、0.8%、1.5%,与干预前相比均有显著性差异。结论通过健康教育行为干预能提高VCT者的有关艾滋病防治知识,解除心理恐惧,改变不健康生活方式。应同时针对其他人群(服务小姐)开展广泛的健康教育行为干预。

Effectiveness of health education behavioral intervention to the person accepting AIDS VCT in northwest mountainous areas of Hubei Province

Objective To explore the status of AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge among the person accepting VCT(voluntary consultation and test.Methods The questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the intervention.Results There were six questions "Whether the AIDS virus mainly exist in human body blood/seminal fluid/vagina secretion/ latex /wound percolate?","Would daily contact(shakes hand,eats meal together,drinks water) infect AIDS?","Whether using other people's clothing(esp.underwear,towel,foot trough or bathtub could infect AIDS?", "Would correctly using condom prevent venereal diseases or AIDS?","Is the extramarital sexual behavior easy to infect AIDS?",and "Whether using condom in the extramarital sexual behavior could prevent AIDS?". The correcting rates of these six questions among the person accepting VCT were comparatively lower and they were 24.0%,43.7%,44.3%,23.4%,45.6% and 44.3% respectively.After the intervention,the rates became 93.7%,88.6%,92.4%,88.6%,87.3% and 88.0%.The proportion of the person who feard AIDS,of the person who received consultation but didn't have blood-test,and of people who had no sense of using condemn in sexual behavior were 15.1%,10.6%,11.4% before the intervention while they were 1.5%,0.8%,1.5% after the intervention.There was a significant difference before and after the intervention.Conclusion It is generally accepted that the health education intervention is useful in enhancing the person accepting VCT,relieving their psychological fear,changing the unhealthy life style,controlling wide spread of AIDS,and reducing the incidence of AIDS.And it is suggested that behavioral intervention should be widely carried out in other people such as the "service maids