广西壮族自治区结核分枝杆菌/HIV联合感染患者抗病毒治疗对死亡影响的分析

目的 分析抗病毒治疗(ART)对结核分枝杆菌/HIV联合感染患者(TB/HIV)死亡的影响。方法 收集2011年广西壮族自治区(广西)各市、县(区)结核病监测系统中既往HIV阳性和新确诊HIV阳性的结核病(TB)患者信息,经核对“中国疾病预防控制系统-艾滋病综合防治信息系统”信息,确定TB/HIV;采用回顾性对照研究方法,按是否开展ART将患者分为ART和非ART两组,用统计学方法比较两组患者特征,并计算死亡比例,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析两组生存情况,同时分析死亡优势比和开始抗结核治疗1年内ART保护率。结果 519例TB/HIV中,100例(19.3%)开展ART;开展抗结核治疗1年内84例(16.2%)死亡,其中ART组8例(9.5%),非ART组76例(占死亡患者90.5%);ART组死亡占TB/HIV总数的8.08%,非ART组死亡占TB/HIV总数的18.7%,两组差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.12,P<0.01);Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,ART组TB/HIV治疗开始1年内生存概率大于非ART组;两组生存曲线差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相对于ART组,非ART组TB/HIV死亡优势比为2.31;ART组在抗结核第一年内能保护56.7%的TB/HIV免于死亡。结论 在抗结核开始1年内,非ART组TB/HIV死亡比例显着高于ART组;ART患者生存时间较非ART组长;ART可以保护半数以上TB/HIV在抗结核开始1年内免于死亡;为挽救更多生命,需不断提高TB/HIV中ART覆盖面。

Effect of antiretroviral therapy in reducing deaths among patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus in Guangxi

Objective To understand the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in reducing deaths among patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (TB/HIV),and provide data-based evidence for improving ART in TB/HIV patients. Methods The information about TB patients who were HIV positive confirmed previously or recently in Guangxi were collected,and the TB/HIV patients were confirmed by using the related data from national AIDS prevention and treatment information system. Then a retrospective case control study was conducted to understand the survivals and deaths in the patients receiving ART or receiving no ART by using Kaplan-Meier method and estimate the ART protective rate within 1 year after TB treatment initiation. Results Among 519 TB/HIV patients,100 received ART(19.3%);Among 84 TB/HIV patients who died within 1 year after TB treatment,8(9.5%) received ART,while 76(90.5%) received no ART. Compared with the 18.7% mortality rate in non-ART group,TB/HIV patients mortality rate in ART group was only 8.08%,the difference was statistical significant (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the survival rate in patients receiving ART was higher than that in patients receiving no ART within 1 year after TB treatment,the difference was statistical significant (Log-rank=4.96,P=0.02). Compared with patients receiving ART,the OR value was 2.31 times higher than that in patients receiving no ART;ART could protect 56.7% of TB/HIV patients against death during the first year of anti-TB therapy. Conclusion In the first year of anti-TB therapy,the risk of death in TB/HIV patients receiving no ART was much higher than that in TB/HIV patients receiving ART,and the survival time was longer in the patients receiving ART. The ART coverage should be expanded in TB/HIV patients.