巨细胞病毒感染对肾移植受者的影响及其危险因素分析

目的 探讨巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染对肾移植受者的影响以及引起巨细胞病毒感染的危险因素。 方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2004年12月892例肾移植的资料。按术后是否有巨细胞病毒感染分为病例组和对照组。应用Log-Rank检验比较两组1、3、5年人和肾存活率的差异；比较两组术后各种并发症发病率以及应用免疫抑制剂和抗病毒药物的差异。应用Logistic回归分析探讨巨细胞病毒感染的独立影响因素。 结果 病例组1、3、5年人存活率分别为81.3％、72.8％和54.8％，而对照组分别为96.4％、91.4％和79.9％，前者显著低于后者（Log-Rank值＝49.62，P < 0.01）。病例组1、3、5年移植肾存活率分别为71.0％、66.2％和46.1%，而对照组分别为91.5％、86.6％和74.5％，两者差异也有统计学意义（Log-Rank值44.87，P < 0.01）。病例组急性排斥发生率为24.9%，对照组为13.9%，前者显著高于后者（χ2＝14.49，P < 0.01）。Logistic回归分析表明，急性排斥、霉酚酸酯用量>2 g、应用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）、抗淋巴细胞球蛋白（ALG）或OKT3是巨细胞感染的独立危险因素（OR值分别为1.464、3.097和2.837，P < 0.05)；应用更昔洛韦是巨细胞病毒感染的保护因素(OR值为0.234，P < 0.01)。 结论 巨细胞病毒感染显著降低了肾移植长期人和肾存活率。急性排斥、霉酚酸酯用量过大和应用抗淋巴细胞抗体是引起巨细胞病毒感染的独立危险因素。术后预防性应用更昔洛韦，可以有效减少巨细胞病毒感染。

Impact of cytomegalovirus infection on recipients of kidney transplantation and its risk factors

Objectives To investigate the influence of cytomegalovirus infection after kidney transplantation on the recipients and the associated risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection .Methods Data of 892 kidney transplantation recipients from January 2000 to December 2004 in our department were analyzed retrospectively . All the recipients were divided into case group (with cytomegalovirus infection) and control group (without cytomegalovirus infection) . Log-Rank test was used to compare the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival of patients and grafts between two groups . The incidence of complications, the difference of regiment of immunosuppressant and anti-CMV drugs were compared as well . The independent risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection were assessed by Logistic regression analysis . Results One-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of patients in case group were 81 .3%, 72 .8% and 54 .8% respectively, while the patients in control group were 96 .4%,91 .4% and 79 .9% respectively, the prior was significantly lower than the latter (Log-Rank value=49 .62, P＜0 .01) . One-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of grafts in case group were 71 .0%, 66 .2% and 46 .1%, while the grafts in control group were 91 .5%, 86 .6% and 74 .5% respectively, the prior was significantly lower than the latter as well (Log-Rank value=44 .87, P＜0 .01) . The incidence of acute rejection in case group was 24 .9%, while it was 13 .9% in control group, with significant difference between two groups (x2=14 .49, P＜0 .01 ) . Logistic regression showed that acute rejection,mycophenolate mofetil dose more than 2 g, and usage of ATG/ALG or OKT3 were the independent risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection (OR=1 .464, 3 .097 and 2 .837, P＜0 .05 ) . Ganciclovir was the protective factor of cytomegalovirus infection (OR =0 .234, P ＜0 .01) . Conclusions Cytomegalovirus infection decreases the long-term survival of recipients and grafts in kidney transplantation . Acute rejection, high dose of mycophenolate mofetil, and ATG/ALG or OKT3 are the independent risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection . Prophylactic usage of ganciclovir after kidney transplantation can effectively reduce cytomegalovirus infection .