新生儿味觉发育62例分析

目的观察新生儿味觉发育情况及性别差异。方法62个健康新生儿（男女各31名）在出生后90min进行四种味觉测试,味觉溶液浓度为：25％蔗糖（甜味）、5％氯化钠（咸味）、1．43％柠檬酸（酸味）、0．025％盐酸小檗碱。摄像记录新生儿味觉测试中的面部表情。采用卡方检验分析新生儿对味觉的不同面部表情,采用Wilcoxon秩和检验分析味觉性别差异。结果对甜味溶液新生儿的面部表情主要为没有13部动作或13部吸吮动作（P〈0．01）,对咸味溶液新生儿没有特殊表情（P〉0．01）,对酸味溶液的面部表情主要为撅嘴伴皱眉和皱鼻的面中上部表情（P〈0．01）,对苦味溶液的面部表情主要为嘴张开伴皱眉和皱鼻的面中上部表情（P〈0．01）。男性新生儿对甜味和苦味的面部表情较女孩敏感（P〈0．01）,对咸味和酸味男女间没有性别差异（P〉0．05）。结论新生儿能够区分甜、咸、酸、苦四种基本味觉,且男性新生儿对甜味和苦味较女性新生儿敏感。

Assessment of taste development in 62 newborn infants

Objective To study the differential facial responses to four basic tastes of the newborns and the gender-related different taste sensitivity.Methods Sixty-two newborns(31 females and 31 males) born in the Department of Obstetrics,First Hospital of the Chongqing University of Medical Sciences were tested for responses to four solutions,including 25% sucrose(sweet),5% sodium chloride(salt),1.43% citric acid(sour),and 0.025% berberine(bitter) 90 minutes after birth.The inclusion criteria were:(1)medically uncomplicated full-term pregnancy;(2)medically uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery;(3)Apgar score of at least 8 at 1 and 5 min.All the infants were found to be normal and healthy on pediatric examination.The facial responses of the newborns were recorded by video.The facial responses were divided into nine facial action units and expressions from A1 to C3,which are also expressed as the 1-9 grades of intensity,crying was included as grade 9 and nausea was defined as grade 10 intensity.The distinctions of the facial responses were analyzed by chi-square test.The distinctions of sex in the facial responses were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test.Results All the newborns were full term,excluding the medical conditions.The average birth weight of the newborns was 3324.3 g.The data from the study indicated that absence of distinctive mouth action or sucking was the major facial response of the infants to sucrose solution(P<(0.01).) There were no special expressions when the newborns were given the salt solution(P>0.01).The lip pursing with negative brow and middle face actions were major response of the infants to the sour solution(ctric acid)(P<0.01).The expressions in response to the bitter solution of the infants were the mouth gaping with negative brow and middle face actions(P<0.01).The facial responses to the sweet and bitter solutions in the boys were more sensitive than those in the girls(P<0.01).There was no sex difference in the intensities of the facial responses to the salt and sour solutions(P>0.05).Conclusions The newborns had distinct responses to the four solutions shortly after birth.The facial expression to sweet and bitter solutions in the boys were more sensitive than in the girls.