大学生心理健康现状分析及对症状自评量表(SCL-90)的反思

目的了解大学生的心理健康状况,对症状自评量表（SCL-90）的结构及常模进行验证。方法使用SCL-90随机抽取广州地区414名大学生进行问卷调查。结果SCL-90各因子信度为0.685～0.873,结构效度拟合指标为GFI=0.966,NFI=0.980,CFI=0.987,RMSEA=0.047,χ2/df=2.767。大学生心理健康各因子及总分普遍低于大学生常模,但都高于全国常模（P〈0.01）。躯体化、焦虑、恐怖因子和总分的年级差异显著（F1（2,411）=7.182,F2（2,411）=7.785,P〈0.01;F3（2,411）=3.447,F4（2,411）=3.636,P〈0.05）,除敌对和精神病性因子外,其余7个因子及总分的文理科差异均显著（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论应对SCL-90的常模进行权威修订。大学生心理健康发展水平不存在性别差异,三年级学生在某些方面的健康水平显著低于二年级学生,理科生的心理健康水平好于文科生。

Study on College Students' Mental Health Status and a Reflection on the SCL-90

Objective To investigate college students＇ mental health status and verify the structure and Norm of SCL-90. Methods SCL-90 was used to invest 414 college students. Results The reliability of 9 factors of SCl-90 was around 0.685 to 0.873,the model fit index is：GFI=0.966,NFI=0.980,CFI=0.987,RMSEA=0.047,χ2 /df=2.7670. The scores of factors and total scale of the college studets were significantly lower than the college norm but higher than the national norm（P〈0.01）. There were significant differences among grades in somatization,anxiety,phobia and total scale（F1（2,411）=7.182,F2（2,411）=7.785,p〈0.01;F3（2,411）=3.447,F4（2,411）=3.636,P〈0.05）. Significant differences between students majoring in arts and majoring in science were also found in total scale and 7 factors except hostility and psychotic（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）. Conclusion It is necessary to revise the Norm of SCl-90. College students＇ mental health level has no gender difference. The mental health status of third grade students is worse than that of second grade,and students who major in science have better mental health than those who major in arts.