血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒医院感染的危险因素及预防

目的:分析维持性血液透析病人院内感染丙型肝炎病毒的危险因素,探讨其预防措施。方法:选择我院肾内科2005年～2009年行规律性血液透析的患者212例,观察丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染情况并分析其与透析时间、输血、透析器复用的关系,设立非透析患者对照组。结果:透析组HCV感染率(22.17%)明显高于对照组(7.04%),透析龄越长、输血次数越多和复用透析器时,HCV感染的风险越高。规范透析操作及推广使用一次性耗材后,新发HCV感染显著下降。结论:血液透析患者是HCV感染的高危人群,透析时间、输血及透析器复用是血液透析患者感染HCV的高危因素,专机专用,减少输血次数,加强透析治疗环节交叉感染的质量控制,可减少HCV感染。

High Risk Factors and Prevention of Nosocomial Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Hemodialysis Patients

Objective：Analysis the high risk factors of nosocomial transmission of hepatitis c virus（HCV）infection in maintenance hemodialysis patients,and then to study the prevention measures.Methods：From 2005 to 2009,212 cases of hemodialysis patients in people＇s hospital of Qingyuan were analyzed the infection status of HCV and relationship with dialysis time,blood transfusion and dialyzer reuse,in the same time,non-dialysis patients were set up as a control group.Results：The rate of HCV infection among dialysis group was 22.17%,which significantly higher than the control group（7.04%）.The longer the dialysis,the more the number blood transfusion and dialyzer reuse,the risks of HCV infection were higher.The incidence rate of HCV decreased significantly after used standard dialysis operation and use widely of medical disposable materials.Conclusion：Hemodialysis patients are the high risk people of HCV infection,dialysis duration,blood transfusion and dialyzer reuse are the high risk factions of HCV infection.Special populations with special machines,reducing the number of blood transfusion and strengthen the quality control of cross-infection on hemodialysis unit which may reduce HCV infection in hemodialysis patients.