颈神经后支阻滞麻醉用于颈椎后路手术的可行性研究

目的 探讨颈神经后支阻滞麻醉用于颈椎后路手术中的有效性和安全性.方法 86例拟行颈椎后路手术的患者,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,随机均分为两组:颈神经后支阻滞麻醉组(Ⅰ组)和局部浸润麻醉组(Ⅱ组).Ⅰ组根据颈神经后支的局部解剖特点,术前通过测量颈椎X线片,确定颈椎关节突关节腰部体表投影点,经皮穿刺阻滞手术切口相对应的双侧脊神经后支而麻醉颈项部;Ⅱ组采用传统的局部浸润麻醉.观察两组术中麻醉效果和麻醉作用时间,对呼吸、血流动力学和SpO2的影响,术后12、24、48 h疼痛评分与镇静评分以及不良反应.结果 Ⅰ组麻醉优率(74%)明显高于Ⅱ组(42%)(P<0.05),Ⅰ组手术时间少于Ⅱ组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅰ组麻醉药用量明显低于Ⅱ组(P<0.01).两组麻醉后和椎管探查时平均动脉压均升高,且Ⅱ组明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);两组SpO2均>95%;术后24、48 h的VAS Ⅰ组显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);两组无严重麻醉不良反应.结论 颈椎的后路手术施行颈神经后支阻滞麻醉,与其他麻醉方法相比,具有操作简便、麻醉药用量少、麻醉效果确切、对血流动力学影响轻微,降低脊髓及脊神经根损伤几率等优势,是安全可行的.

Feasibility of cervical dorsal rami nerve block in posterior approach of cervical vertebra operation

Objective To probe the validity and security of cervical dorsal rand nerve block in posterior approach of cervical vertebra surgery.Methods Eighty-six adults ASA class I-II patients undergohag posterior approach of cervical spine operation randomized equally to cervical dorsal rami nerve block group (group I )and partial infiltration anesthesia group (group II ).In group I ,according to regional anatomy characteristic of the nerve and by means of preopomtively measuring the cervical vertebra X -ray,the body surface projection of articular process joint waist of cervical vertebra were calibrated.Away 3 cm from latter median line,percutaneous puncture via 45° angle relative into sagittal plane ,adopting long 8 cm 7# needle and anesthetic to block ~e surgical incision corresponding bilateral dorsal rami nerves.In group II,using traditional local infiltration anesthesia.The effect and response time of anesthesia,influence on breathing and hemodynamics or pulse oxygen saturation,visual analogue score( VAS ) and calmed grade postoperatively and adverse reaction were observed and recorded.Results The anesthesia excellent rate (74%) in group I was obviously higher than that(42%) in group II (P ＜ 0.05 ).The surgeries average time in group I was less than that in group II,but no statistical significance (P＞ 0.05).The average dose of anesthetic in group I was obviously lower than that in group II (P ＜ 0.01 ).The mean arterial pressure elevated after anesthesia in both groups,and in group I was significantly lower than that in group lI (P ＜ 0.05 ).The SpO2 of both ＞ 95%.Calmed grade and VAS at 24 and 48 h postoperatively were significantly lower in group I than that in group II (P＜ 0.05).There was no adverse reactions.Conclusions Compared to other anesthesia methods in posterior approach of cervical vertebra surgery,the method of cervical dorsal rami nerve block has so undermentioned dominances: simple,less anesthetic,exact effect of anesthesia,light influence on breathing and hemeodynamies and lower injury of spinal cord or spinal nerve root that the method is safe and feasible.