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Sustained attention in children and adolescents after traumatic brain injury: relation to severity of injury, adaptive functioning, ADHD and social background |
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| Authors: | Wassenberg Renske Max Jeffrey E Lindgren Scott D Schatz Amy |
| Affiliation: | a University of Maastricht, The Netherlandsb Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, USAc Children's Hospital and Health Center, San Diego, USAd Center for Disabilities and Development, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA |
| Abstract: | Primary objective: To examine the relationship of child and family psychosocial variables and traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity as it relates to sustained attention (the Paediatric Assessment of Cognitive Efficiency, PACE). Research design: Forty-two children and adolescents were recruited and participated in a 2 year longitudinal study to evaluate sustained attention using the computerized testing metric, PACE. More specifically, errors of omission (inattention) and commission (impulsiveness) were measured. Main outcomes and results: Significant improvement on inattention and impulsiveness were observed over time. High pre-injury psychosocial adversity and low pre-injury adaptive functioning significantly predicted a greater number of inattention errors. Severity of injury predicted the reduction of impulsiveness. Moreover, omission errors immediately after TBI predicted later secondary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (SADHD, ADHD that emerges after TBI). Conclusions: Based on these findings, it is important to consider pre-injury child and family psychosocial characteristics in addition to severity of injury when predicting outcome of TBI in children. |
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