农村自报高血压患者危险因素及治疗行为分析

目的:了解北京农村自报高血压患者危险因素、高血压相关知识及治疗状况。方法:2002年在北京昌平、顺义、房山、大兴四区随机抽取25～64岁的农村户口居民1605人进行行为危险因素调查。共获得自报高血压患者360人。结果:高血压患者缺乏锻炼率为62.2%,超重和肥胖率为73.3%。高血压患者饮酒、多食盐对血压的影响及高血压可导致冠心病和脑卒中知晓率较高,知晓率超过80%。高血压诊断标准知晓率偏低,仅为29.4%。高血压患者获得健康知识的主要途径为广播和电视(83.9%)。85.3%高血压患者近1个月曾服降压药,高血压患者降压药物80.8%从医生那里获得,就医的主要场所是村医疗点(65.5%),59.2%至少每月测量1次血压。结论:高血压患者主要危险因素为超重、肥胖和缺乏运动,患者有关高血压的相关知识需要普及,提高基层医生对高血压患者的个体治疗和健康教育,发挥大众媒体作用,对改变农村高血压患者行为和血压控制具有重要意义。

Risk Factors and treatment in patients with self-reporting hypertension in Beijing rural area

Objective:To describe the prevalence,knowledge and medical care of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with self-reporting hypertension in Beijing rural area.Method:A total of 1?605 patients aged 25-64 years from Chang ping,Shun yi,Fang shan and Da xing districts were randomly enrolled in 2002.Data from 360 patients with self-reporting hypertension were collected using a standardized case report form which was completed in the survey.Result:The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 73.3%,and 62.2% of the patients were lack of physical exercise.More than 80% patients had the knowledge that lifestyle,such as alcohol consumption and salty food effected blood pressure,which in turn,would increase the risk of coronary disease and stroke.However,the awareness of hypertension diagnose criteria was only 29.4%.The majority of the patients(83.9%)accessed health care knowledge through broadcast or TV programs.Among the patients,85.3% took antihypertensive drugs in the last month.Eighty percent of the patients got medication from doctors,65.5% saw doctors at the local primary clinic,and 59.2% had their blood pressure measured at least once a month.Conclusion:The major risk factors among hypertensive patients are overweight,obesity and physical inactivity.In order to improve the lifestyle modification and blood pressure control among hypertensive patients,it is important to build up the capacity of individualized therapy and health education of primary health care providers in rural area and to emphasize the influence of public media.