Cancer cachexia: a systematic literature review of items and domains associated with involuntary weight loss in cancer |
| |
Authors: | Blum David Omlin Aurelius Baracos Vickie E Solheim Tora S Tan Benjamin H L Stone Patrick Kaasa Stein Fearon Ken Strasser Florian;European Palliative Care Research Collaborative |
| |
Institution: | aOncological Palliative Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Palliative Care Center, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland;bUniversity of Alberta, Department of Oncology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;cClinical Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Trondheim, Norway;dClinical and Surgical Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK;eSt George's University of London, London, UK |
| |
Abstract: | BackgroundThe concept of cancer-related anorexia/cachexia is evolving as its mechanisms are better understood. To support consensus processes towards an updated definition and classification system, we systematically reviewed the literature for items and domains associated with involuntary weight loss in cancer.MethodsTwo search strings (cachexia, cancer) explored five databases from 1976 to 2007. Citations, abstracts and papers were included if they were original work, in English/German language, and explored an item to distinguish advanced cancer patients with variable degrees of involuntary weight loss. The items were grouped into the 5 domains proposed by formal expert meetings.Results: Of 14,344 citations, 1275 abstracts and 585 papers reviewed, 71 papers were included (6325 patients; 40–50% gastrointestinal, 10–20% lung cancer). No single domain or item could consistently distinguish cancer patients with or without weight loss or having various degrees of weight loss. Anorexia and decreased nutritional intake were unexpectedly weakly related with weight loss. Explanations for this could be the imprecise measurement methods for nutritional intake, symptom interactions, and the importance of systemic inflammation as a catabolic drive. Data on muscle mass and strength is scarce and the impact of cachexia on physical and psychosocial function has not been widely assessed.ConclusionsCurrent data support a modular concept of cancer cachexia with a variable combination of reduced nutritional intake and catabolic/hyper-metabolic changes. The heterogeneity in the literature revealed by this review underlines the importance of an agreed definition and classification of cancer cachexia. |
| |
Keywords: | Abbreviations: WL weight loss ws weight stable PIW pre-illness weight NR not reported NV no values NS not significant BW body weight NED no evidence of disease cach cachexia group non-cach non-cachexia MN malnutrition NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer GI gastrointestinal CRC colorectal ESO esophageal PANC pancreas AML acute myeloic leukaemia CML chronic myeloic leukaemia ALL acute lymphatic leukaemia GYN gynecological (e g breast ovarian) GU genitourinary (including prostate) H& N head and neck LYMP lymphoma Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect PubMed 等数据库收录! |
|