温州市泰顺县农村居民健康素养状况调查

目的了解温州市农村居民的健康素养状况,探讨影响农村居民健康素养的主要因素,为制定农村健康素养干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,抽取泰顺县2个镇4个行政村共440名15~69周岁农村居民进行调查问卷调查。结果调查对象的总健康素养为6.59%,健康基本知识与理念素养为10.9%,健康生活方式和行为素养为10.5%,健康技能素养为12.3%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.66,P=0.03）;健康科学观、安全与急救、传染病预防、基本医疗、慢性病预防5大类健康素养的具备率分别为12.27%、33.86%、16.59%、2.73%和16.59%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=163.29,P=0.00）。除性别外,不同年龄、文化程度、经济收入、民族、职业者之间的健康素养均有统计学差异。结论加强农村健康促进与健康教育,以低文化程度人群、高年龄组人群、少数民族人群为重点对象;对不同职业、婚姻、经济状况的人群结合其实际工作、生活和学习情况,采取有针对性的干预策略与方法,提升农村居民健康素养。

Investigation on health literacy of rural residents in Taishun City of Wenzhou

Objective To understand the health literacy of rural residents and its main influence factors in Wenzhou, and provide scientific evidence for rural health intervention strategy. Methods A muhi-staged cluster random sampling method was conducted, 440 rural residents aged 15 -69 years old were recruited from 4 villages of Taishun County to complete a questionnaire investigation of health literacy. Results The overall level of health literacy among the rural resi- dents was 6. 59%, and there was statistical significance in the awareness rates of health literacy in health basic knowledge and health concept （ 10. 9% ）, healthy lifestyle and behavior （ 10.5% ）, and health skill （ 12. 3%, X2 = 8.66, P = 0.03 ）. There was statistically significant difference in the five categories of health literacy, including the concept of health science （ 12. 27% ）, safety and first aid （33.86% , infectious disease prevention （ 16. 59% ）, basic medical care （2. 73% ） and chronic disease prevention （ 16. 59%, X2 = 163.29, P = 0. 00）. The health literacy showed statistically significant difference among the groups with different nationality, age, level of education, occupation and income, but not for gender. Conclusion In order to improve rural people＇ s health literacy, populations of low education, the elderly and minority nationality should be the key populations and targeted intervention activities should be adopt according to their occu- pation, marital status, and economic status among them.