计算机三维重建手掌部筋膜间隙的应用解剖学特点

背景:由于手掌部筋膜间隙是潜在的非实质性结构,容易给手掌部筋膜间隙疾病的诊断和治疗带来困难。为了达到对手掌部筋膜间隙疾病的准确诊断和良好治疗,有必要对其解剖境界和毗邻关系充分理解。目的:通过新鲜尸体标本解剖并结合薄层断面解剖及计算机图像识别技术对手掌部筋膜间隙的边界和毗邻关系进行观察,并利用计算机三维重建技术对其进行重建, 以便更好地显示手掌部筋膜间隙的毗邻关系,为手掌部筋膜间隙疾病的影像学诊断和外科手术提供详实的解剖学依据。设计:重复测量设计。单位:解放军第二五一医院和第三军医大学中心实验室。材料:选用成人新鲜手标本12只(保留腕关节,标本由第三军医大学解剖教研室提供), 左、右各6只,肉眼观察无明显器质性损害。将其中2只(左、右各1只),进行薄层断面解剖和图像重建。其余10只手进行大体解剖学观察。方法: 实验于2003-05/2006-02在解放军第三军医大学中心实验室及解放军第二五一医院完成。应用大体解剖学、断层解剖学、可视人及虚拟人技术理论,通过进行标本的大体解剖学、断层解剖学观察,并在微型计算机进行手掌部筋膜间隙的重建计算机三维重建。主要观察指标:手掌部筋膜间隙的解剖学境界和毗邻关系。结果:新鲜尸体解剖并结合薄层断面解剖及计算机图像识别技术和三维重建技术对掌中间隙和鱼际间隙的毗邻及范围的观察结果显示:掌中间隙的前界自尺侧起为掌内侧肌腱隔及其周围的深筋膜、尺侧3指指屈肌腱的腱鞘及第2～4蚓状肌、示指屈肌腱鞘与中指屈肌腱鞘之间的深筋膜; 后界为骨间掌侧肌表面的骨间掌侧筋膜及拇收肌表面的拇收肌筋膜;尺侧界为掌内侧肌腱隔及部分骨间掌侧筋膜;桡侧界为掌中隔;远侧分为3个小间隙,沿各自小间隙内的蚓状肌鞘通向 2,3,4指蹼间隙;近侧经腕管与前臂屈肌后间隙相通。鱼际间隙的前界至尺侧起为示指屈肌腱鞘及第1蚓状肌、掌深筋膜和掌外侧肌腱隔;后界为拇收肌筋膜;桡侧界为拇长屈肌腱及其腱鞘、掌深筋膜;尺侧界为掌中隔;远侧沿第1蚓状肌鞘通向第1指蹼间隙;近侧为盲端。结论:鱼际间隙的近端为盲端,掌中间隙的远端分为3个小间隙,手掌部筋膜间隙的计算机三维重建对于该区域疾病的影像学诊断和外科手术具有重要意义。

Metacarpal fascial spaces of the hands by computerized three-dimensional reconstruction: Applied anatomic characteristics

BACKGROUND: The metacarpal fascial spaces of hand are the potential structure that is not virtual, so that difficulties are presented in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the metacarpal fascial spaces of hand. In order to solve the difficulties,anatomical borderline and abut relationship of the metacarpal fascial spaces of hand have to be sufficiently understood. OBJECTIVE: The borderline and abut of the metacarpal fascial spaces of hand were detailedly observed and researched by fresh cadaveric dissection, thin sectional anatomy and computer image recognition technology, and the 3-D reconstruction technology was utilized to reconstructed the metacarpal fascial spaces in this paper, so the abut relationship of the metacarpal fascial spaces of hand could be displayed, and the detailed anatomical data of imaging diagnosis and surgical treatments of disease of the fascial spaces of hand could be provided. DESIGN: Repeated measuring design.SETTING: The 251 Hospital of Chinese PLA and Central Laboratory of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: Twelve adult fresh cadaveric hands which involved six right hands and six left hands and wrist joint, had no organic damage by naked observation, provided by the Department of Anatomy, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, among one right hand and one left hand were waiting for being mill-cut and thin cross-section dissected and imaging reconstructed. Among ten hands were observed by fresh cadaveric anatomy. METHODS: The trial was carried out in the 251 Hospital of Chinese PLA and Central Laboratory and Department of Anatomy of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from May 2003 to February 2006. Based on the gross anatomy, thin cross-section anatomy, visible human and virtual human technology theory, the metacarpal fascial spaces of hand were three-D reconstructed in microcomputer.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anatomical borderline and about relation of the metacarpal fascial spaces of hand. RESULTS: Display of observation result of adjacent and dimension of the midpalmar space and the thenar space by fresh cadaveric anatomy combined with thin cross-section anatomy, computer image recognition technology, and the 3-D reconstruction technology: The anterior borderline of the MPS was the digital flexor tendons of middle finger, ring finger, little finger and the 2nd lumbrical muscle (LM), 3rd LM, 4th LM; the posterior borderline was the palmar interosseous fascia before 3rd palmar bone, 4th palmar bone, 5th palmar bone and corresponding interosseous muscles; the lateral borderline was the palmar intermediate septum; the medial borderline of the MPS was the medial intermuscular septum of palm. In addition, the distal section of the MPS which was separated into three little spaces by two septums of connective tissue, and 3rd 4th, 5th digital flexor tendon and 2nd, 3rd, 4th LM were respectively contained by the three little spaces. The proximal of this space opened to the posterior space of antebrachial flexor by the carpal canal; the distal of this space opened to 2nd, 3rd, 4th web space (WS) by 2nd, 3rd, compartment of 4th LM, and continuously the dorsal subcutaneous space and the subaponeurotic space. The anterior borderline of the TS was the 1st digital flexor tendon and the 1st LM; the posterior borderline was the fascia of abductor pollicis; the medial borderline was the palmar intermediate septum (PIMS); the lateral borderline was the tenden sheath of flexor pollicis longus and the lateral intermuscular septum of palm. The distal of this space opened to 1st WS by compartment of the 1st LM, and continuously to the dorsal subcutaneous space and the subaponeurotic space; the proximal of the TS was close.CONCLUSION: The proximal of the thenar space is close, the distal section of the metacarpal fascial spaces is separated into three little spaces, and the computerized three-D renconstruction of the fascial spaces of hand can provide some guidance for imaging diagnosis and surgical treatments.