不同寄主上的桑寄生药材毒性的比较研究

目的： 比较研究不同寄主来源的桑寄生（Taxillus sutchuenensis）药材的毒性。方法： 对6种不同寄主上的桑寄生药材进行急性毒性实验，测定半数致死量（LD₅₀）或最大耐受量（MTD）。并根据寄主来源不同，将98只昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组、沙梨组、李树组、白杨组、柞木组、夹竹桃组和漆树组，除对照组，其余各组小鼠每日ig 7.5 g·kg^-1水提物1次，共4周。测定血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）及肌酐（Cr）、尿素氮（BUN）含量，并观察肝、肾组织病理改变。结果： 夹竹桃上的桑寄生、漆树上的桑寄生毒性明显，LD₅₀及95%可信限分别为109.276 （96.837~122.645） g·kg^-1和77.286（66.891~89.296）g·kg^-1；其余4种寄主上的桑寄生药材未出现死亡。与对照组比较，夹竹桃上的桑寄生能引起Cr指标的升高，并对小鼠肾组织影响较明显；而其他各寄主上的桑寄生组肝、肾功能检测指标差异不明显，对小鼠肝、肾组织损伤也较轻。结论： 寄主为夹竹桃、漆树有毒木类的桑寄生药材有明显的毒性。

Comparative Study on Toxicities of Taxillus sutchuenensis from Different Host Plants

Objective: To compare toxicities of Taxillus sutchuenensis from different hosts. Method: Acute toxicities were tested on T. sutchuenensis from six different host plants by measuring median lethal dose (LD₅₀) or maximum tolerance dose (MTD). And on the bais of different hosts, ninety-eight mice were randomly divided into seven groups:the normal group, the Pyrus pyrifolia group, the P. salicina group, the Populus canadensis group, the Xylosma japonicum group, the Nerium indicum group, the Toxicodendron vernicifluum group. Except for normal group,the other mice were orally administered corresponding aqueous extracts 7.5 g·kg^-1 once per day for four weeks. The indexes of serum alanine aminotransferase (AST),aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined for evaluation. And the morphological changes of liver tissue and nephridial tissue were observed. Result: Herbs from N. indicum and T.vernicifluum were apparently toxicant. The one from N. indicum LD₅₀ was 109.276 g·kg^-1, with 95% confidence limit of 96.837-122.645 g·kg^-1, and the other from T.vernicifluum LD₅₀ was 77.286 g·kg^-1, with 95% confidence limit of 66.891-89.296 g·kg^-1. Herbs from other four hosts has no mice death. Compared with control group, T. sutchuenensis from N. indicum could raise mice's Cr index, and harmed their kidney but not obvious of other hosts. Conclusion: T. sutchuenensis from toxic hots were poisonous.