艾滋病合并非结核分枝杆菌肺病的胸部影像表现

目的 探讨艾滋病合并非结核性分枝杆菌肺病的胸部影像表现.方法 10例艾滋病合并非结核性分枝杆菌肺病患者均行胸部X线检查,其中7例行胸部HRCT检查.结果 10例患者X线胸片显示:9例有明显病变,1例只有轻微病变;6例为双肺受累,4例为单肺受累(其中右肺3例,左肺1例);其中5例为大面积实变并空洞形成(4例伴对侧肺野散发病灶).在病变形态上有斑片状渗出实变(6例)、大片状(叶、段分布)实变(5例)、空洞(5例)、小结节病灶(3例)、粟粒病灶(2例)、纤维索条(1例).7例患者HRCT显示:斑片状渗出实变(7例)、小结节病灶(6例)、大面积(肺叶、段)实变(5例)及随实变吸收消散而出现的空洞、支气管扩张(各5例),纵隔淋巴结肿大(4例),磨玻璃密度影(3例),粟粒病灶及树芽征(各2例),胸腔积液、心包积液、纤维索条(各1例).结论 大面积实变合并空洞、结节病灶、支气管扩张及纵隔和肺门淋巴结肿大是艾滋病合并非结核性分枝杆菌肺病的胸部影像特点.

The chest radiographic appearances of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Objective To study the chest radiographic appearances of the non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM) pulmonary infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods Ten patients with AIDS and NTM underwent chest X-ray radiography and 7 patients performed high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan. Chest radiographic features of NTM in patients with AIDS were retrospectively analyzed. Results The chest radiograph showed bilateral pulmonary involvement in 6 cases and single lung involvement in 4 cases (3 cases in the right, 1 case in the left). Patchy air space consolidation (6 cases), large consolidation (5 cases), cavitation (5 cases), small nodules (3 cases),military nodules (2 cases), linear opacity ( 1 cases) were demonstrated on radiography. On HRCT, air space consolidation (7 cases), small nodules (6 cases), large consolidation (5 cases) with cavitation and cylindric bronchiectasis after the absorption of consolidation, enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes (4 cases), ground-glass opacities (3 cases), military nodules and "tree-in-bud" sign (2 case), pleural effusion ( 1 case), pericardial effusion ( 1 case) and fibrotic band ( 1 case) were found. Conclusion The most common radiographic appearances of NTM in patients with AIDS are bilateral small nodules, large consolidation with cavitation and cylindric bronchiectasis, enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes.