经皮椎体成形术中应用明胶海绵封堵骨水泥渗漏的疗效

  目的  探讨在骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折中使用经皮椎体成形术方式中，应用明胶海绵封堵后骨水泥渗漏的治疗疗效。  方法  选取2020年2月—2022年2月蚌埠市第三人民医院骨科收治的46例胸腰椎体骨质疏松导致的骨折患者，采用随机数字表法将其分为明胶海绵组与常规对照组，每组各23例。患者术后随访1个月。记录3个时间点(术前、术后1 d、术后1个月)患者手术时间及骨水泥注入量、Cobb角、Beck指数、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、骨水泥弥散系数行统计分析，评估经皮椎体成形术中明胶海绵应用对骨水泥渗漏的疗效，并采用视觉模拟评分法评估术后患者疼痛缓解的情况。  结果  明胶海绵组患者发生骨水泥渗漏1例，渗漏率为4.35%，常规对照组骨水泥渗漏8例，骨水泥渗漏率为34.78%，2组差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.973, P=0.026)。明胶海绵组患者骨水泥弥散系数为(77.57±0.72)%，常规对照组为(58.20±0.85)%，2组差异有统计学意义(t=83.392, P＜0.001)。组间术前、术后1 d、术后1个月比较ODI、VAS评分、Cobb角、Beck指数差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05), 但各指标组内术后1 d、术后1个月与术前比较，差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。  结论  经皮椎体成形术中，采用预先置入明胶海绵封堵，能明显降低手术过程中由于骨水泥弥散过程中发生的渗漏率，有效改善骨水泥在责任椎体中的弥散效果。明胶海绵具有取材容易、价格低廉、便于操作等一系列优点，在临床工作中具有一定的推广价值。 

Therapeutic efficacy of gelatin sponge to block bone cement leakage during percutaneous vertebroplasty

  Objective  To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of bone cement leakage after gelatin sponge plugging in percutaneous vertebroplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.  Methods  The study retrospectively enrolled 46 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, who were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of Third People ' s Hospital of Bengbu City from February 2020 to February 2022. All patients were randomly divided into gelatin sponge group and control group, with 23 patients in each group. Patients were followed up for 1 months after surgery. The operation time, bone cement injection volume, Cobb angle, Beck index, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and bone cement diffusion coefficient were recorded and analyzed before operation, 1 day after operation, and 1 month after operation. The therapeutic efficacy of gelatin sponge application on bone cement leakage during percutaneous vertebroplasty was evaluated, and the pain relief effect of postoperative patients was evaluated by visual analog scale.  Results  The gelatin sponge group had one case of cement leakage (4.35%), while 8 patients (34.78%) had cement penetration in the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.973, P=0.026). The cement diffusion coefficient of gelatin sponge group and control group were (77.57±0.72)% and (58.20±0.85)%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (t=83.392, P < 0.001). Before operation, 1 day after operation, and 1 month after operation, there were no significant differences in ODI, VAS score, Cobb angle, and Beck index between groups (all P>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in each index group 1 day after operation, 1 month after operation and before operation (all P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Gelatin sponge plugging can significantly reduce the incidence of leakage caused by cement diffusion during percutaneous vertebroplasty, and improve the diffusion effect of bone cement in diseased vertebrae. Gelatin sponge has a series of advantages such as easy material acquisition, low price, and easy operation, and has certain promotion value in clinical work.