麻风血亲家系成员体检在早期发现麻风病例中的作用

目的:评价麻风血亲家系成员体检在文山州早期发现麻风病例中的作用。方法:回顾性分析文山州2011-2016年麻风患者血亲家系成员体检资料，比较2011-2015年与2016-2020年麻风患者血亲家系成员中新发麻风病例人口学特征及2级畸残比、平均延迟期和发现方式等流行病学指标。结果:2011-2015年和2016-2020年麻风患者血亲家系成员中新发麻风病例分别为124例和81例，2级畸残比分别为14.52%和3.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);诊断延迟期分别为16.23±3.45和10.77±1.73,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。0～14岁少年儿童占比分别为16.13%和9.88%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多菌型占比分别为51.61%和62.97%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:麻风患者血亲家系成员体检促进了麻风病例的早期发现，降低了2级畸残比，缩短了诊断延迟期。

Effect of physical examination among blood relatives of leper in early detection of leprosy

Objective: To assess the effect of physical examination among blood relatives of leper in early detection of leprosy in Wenshan Prefecture. Methods: The data of blood relatives of leper from 2011-2020 were analyzed retrospectively and the demographic characteristics, grade 2 disability, average delay time, etc. were compared between the time of 2011-2015 and 2016-2020. Results: 124 and 81 new leper were found in 2011-2015 and 2016-2020 respectively, the rate of grade 2 disability was 14.52% and 3.7% (P<0.05), the delay time of diagnosis was 16.23±3.45 and 10.77±1.73 (P<0.05), the proportion of 0-14 years old children was 16.13% and 9.88% (P>0.05),  the proportion of multibacillary leprosy cases 51.61% and 62.97% (P>0.05). Conclusion: Physical examination of blood relatives of leper has promoted the early detection, reduced the ratio of grade 2 disability, shortened the delay period of diagnosis.