天津市中学生脊柱侧弯流行特征及影响因素分析

目的 了解天津市中学生脊柱侧弯发生率及影响因素，为脊柱弯曲异常防治工作提供科学依据。方法 分层整群随机抽取天津市62所中学(初中35所，高中27所)21 679名中学生，开展脊柱侧弯筛查并完成相关调查问卷。结果 天津市中学生脊柱侧弯检出率为4.00%,女生(5.13%)高于男生(2.94%),职业高中(5.96%)高于普通高中(4.98%)和初中学生(3.00%),差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为67.56,71.46,P值均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，性别、片区、学段、每周体育课节数、每天白天户外活动时长、过去1周≥60 min中高强度运动天数与脊柱侧弯的检出率有关(OR=0.12～1.95,P值均<0.05)。结论 天津市中学生脊柱侧弯检出率在性别、片区、学段方面差异有统计学意义，需要多关注女生、高中生和经济中等片区学校学生；脊柱侧弯的预防应考虑运动时间和运动强度、运动方式的综合影响。

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students in Tianjin

  Objective  To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students in Tianjin, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of scoliosis.  Methods  Based on stratified cluster random sampling method, 21 679 middle school students from 62 middle schools (35 middle schools and 27 high schools) in Tianjin were selected for scoliosis screening and completed relevant questionnaires.  Results  The prevalence of scoliosis in middle school students in Tianjin was 4.00%, with girls (5.13%) higher than that in boys (2.94%), vocational high school (5.96%) higher than that in ordinary senior high school (4.98%) and junior high school (3.00%), the differences were statistically significant (χ2=67.56, 71.46, P < 0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression showed that gender, district, school segment, number of physical educaiotn (PE) classes per week, outdoor activity time per day, and days of 60 minutes or more of moderate and vigorous exercise per day in a week were related to the detection rate of scoliosis (OR=0.12-1.95, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The detection rate of scoliosis among middle school students in Tianjin varies in gender, resident area and school level, so more attention should be paid to girls, high school students and students in middle economic area.Comprehensive efforts should incorporate duration, intensity and type of physical exercise.