Suppression of respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by Azelastine hydrochloride (Azeptin)

The inhibitory action of azelastine hydrochloride (Azeptin) on the respiratory burst in peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) has been studied. Azeptin in vitro suppressed chemiluminescence and superoxide (O₂^-) generation by human PMN in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Phorbol myristyl acetate (PMA) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced O₂^-generation were strongly suppressed by 10^–6M and 10^–5M Azeptin, respectively. PMN and PAM from rabbits injected with Azeptin 0.2 mg·kg^–1 for 5 days showed lower chemiluminescence and O₂^-generation than cells from untreated rabbits. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity in human PMN was suppressed by treatment of PMN with 10^–6M Azeptin for 6 h. Inositol trisphosphate, intracellular free calcium, and protein kinase C activity were decreased by 10^–6M to 10^–5M Azeptin. The tyrosine phosphorylation of many proteins, especially a 115 kDa protein, was suppressed by 10^–5M Azeptin. However, superoxide dismutase activity in PMN, PAM, and lung tissue samples was only slightly decreased, even when the rabbits were treated with 1.0 mg·kg^–1 Azeptin for 5 days. The results suggest that Azeptin suppresses multiple signal transduction steps in the respiratory burst of PMN. This suppressive action should be very useful in the prevention and treatment of reactive oxygen-associated disorders.Abbreviations Azeptin azelastine hydrochloride - PMN polymorphonuclear leukocytes - PAM pulmonary alveolar macrophages - PMA phorbol myristyl acetate - FMLP formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine - PKC protein kinase C - ROS reactive oxygen species - O₂^- superoxide - IP₃ inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate - DG diacylglycerol - NBT nitroblue tetrazolium - SOD superoxide dismutase - TNF- tumor necrosis factor-alpha