规范化教育对糖尿病并发症的治疗效果研究

目的研究长期规范化教育对糖尿病并发症的治疗效果。方法研究对象来自南充市中心医院的2型糖尿病患者,使用随机数字法将研究对象分为治疗组104例,对照组102例。治疗组采用普通内科治疗联合长期规范化化教育,而对照组仅使用普通内科治疗。治疗前和治疗后2年收集相关资料,评价代谢变化及各种并发症的发生情况。结果糖尿病教育治疗2年后,治疗组代谢指标控制情况均好于对照组。治疗组的体重指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖（2h PBG）、糖化血红蛋白（Hb A1c）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）均低于对照组,高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）高于对照组（P〈0.05）;治疗组糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病肾病、糖尿病神经病变、糖尿病性脑梗死、糖尿病性心脏病、糖尿病足病的发生率分别为3.8%,8.7%,8.7%,1.9%,1.9%,1.0%;对照组的发生率分别为14.7%,22.5%,28.4%,8.8%,8.8%,8.8%;治疗组的各种并发症发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论长期规范化化全方位教育能全面持久的改善糖尿病患者糖、脂代谢,减少或延缓各种并发症的发生和发展。

Effect of long-term,systemic and individual health education on diabetic complications

Objective To study the effect of long-term,systemic and individual health education on diabetic complications. Methods In this prospective study,206 patients with diabetes were recruited. All the patients were divided into intervention group（ n = 104） and control group（ n = 102）. Patients in both groups were given routine treatment of diabetes and health education,while patients in intervention group were given systemic,individual and behavior intervention. At the beginning and 5 years after the study,related data were collected to evaluate metabolic changes and development of diabetic complications. Results After 5 years intervention,levels of body mass index（ BMI）,fast blond glucose（ FBG）,postprandial 2 h blood glucose（ 2h PBG）,hemoglobulin A1c（ Hb A1c）,total cholesterol（ TC）,triglyceride（ TG） and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol（ LDL-C） in intervention group were lower than that in control group,while level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol（ HDL-C） in intervention group were higher than that in control group（ P〈0. 05）. Compared with control group,the incidences of hypertension,diabetic retinopathy,diabetic nephropathy,diabetic neuropathy,diabetic cerebral infarction,diabetic heart disease and diabetic foot in intervention group were 3. 8%,8. 7%,8. 7%,1. 9%,1. 9%,1. 0%,while the incidence of the complications in the control group were 14. 7%,22. 5%,28. 4%,8. 8%,8. 8%,8. 8%,the differences had statistically significant（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The long term systemic and individual health education can improve glucose and lipid metabolism. It also can reduce or delay the occurrence and development of diabetic complications.