儿童和青少年牙外伤急诊患者临床分析

目的: 分析口腔急诊18岁以下牙外伤患者的发病情况和临床特点,指导儿童和青少年的牙外伤防护和治疗。方法: 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月就诊于北京大学口腔医院急诊科有完整电子病历信息的18岁以下儿童和青少年牙外伤患者的临床资料,总结急诊儿童和青少年牙外伤的性别、年龄、时间分布,外伤牙的数目、牙位、牙外伤类型及合并伤等情况。结果: 纳入儿童和青少年牙外伤初诊患者共5 506例,占所有牙外伤患者(10 164例)的54.2%。牙外伤的高峰年龄段为3~4岁和7~9岁,各年龄组男童发病率均高于女童。5—6月份及9—11月份牙外伤的发病率较高,牙外伤患者的日就诊高峰时段为19:00~20:00。受伤牙位左右基本对称,上中切牙最易受累,52.3%的患者累及两颗及两颗以上牙。各类型恒牙外伤中,釉质-牙本质折断最为多见。各类型乳牙外伤中,亚脱位最为多见。19.7%的患者合并较严重的颌面部软硬组织损伤。结论: 儿童和青少年牙外伤具有明显的年龄双峰特点,常累及发育中的乳牙和年轻恒牙,临床诊疗应考虑儿童生长发育特点,同时应加强家庭、学校和幼托机构中针对儿童和青少年牙外伤的宣教,提高防护意识。

Clinical analysis of children and adolescents emergency dental trauma cases

Objective: To analyze the etiological and clinical characteristics of oral emergency patients under 18 years with dental trauma, and to provide guidance on the prevention and treatment in children and adolescents. Methods: A retrospective study on the intact data of the dental trauma patients under 18 years from January 2016 to December 2018 in the Department of Oral Emergency in Peking University School of Stomatology was conducted, and the distribution of the patients’ gender, age and visiting time, as well as the number and position of traumatic teeth, diagnostic classification, and multiple injury with dental trauma were analyzed. Results: During the period, 54.2% of the first visit dental trauma patients (10 164) were children or adolescents (5 506). The two peak ages were 3-4 and 7-9 years. The incidence of the male was higher than the female in every age group (Wilcoxon test, P<0.001). From May to June and September to November, there were more cases of dental trauma. The peak time of daily dental trauma cases was from 19:00 to 20:00 (Jonckheere-Terpstra test, P<0.001). The positions of traumatic teeth in both sides were approximate symmetrical, and maxillary central incisors were the most affected. 52.3% of the patients suffered multiple teeth injuries. Among the permanent teeth trauma, enamel and dentin fracture was the most common (24.7%), followed by concussion (20.5%), sub-luxation (17.9%) and complicated crown fracture (14.4%). And among the primary teeth trauma, subluxation was the most common (31.1%), followed by concussion (14.5%) and lateral luxation (9.5%). 19.7% of the children and adolescent dental trauma patients were also suffered maxillofacial soft or hard tissue injury. Conclusion: The incidence of dental trauma in children and adolescents is higher than that in adults. There were two age peaks among the children and adolescents patients. Primary teeth and young permanent teeth were usually suffered. Clinical treatment should be considered along with the characteristics of child tooth growth. In order to prevent the occurrence of dental trauma, early orthodontic intervention should be carried out in children with severe overjet. Families, schools and nursery institutions should strengthen the protection against dental trauma.