微包囊优化制备及复合自体微小颗粒骨异位成骨的实验研究

目的探讨优化生长因子微包囊制作方法,观察其释放规律和复合微小颗粒骨异位成骨的效果。方法正交设计优化聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide,PLGA)微包囊制作工艺,于2、4、8、12、24、36、48、60、72、84、96、120、144、168、192、216、240和264h计算微包囊的累计释放量。实验取24只Wistar大鼠,随机分为4组(n=6),每只大鼠于双侧股部作1cm切口,制备臀大肌肌袋模型。A组双侧植入胶原,B组双侧植入胶原和颗粒骨,C组双侧植入胶原和重组人骨形成蛋白2(recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein2,rhBMP-2)/PLGA缓释微包囊;D组双侧植入胶原、颗粒骨与rhBMP-2/PLGA缓释微包囊。于术后3、4和5周取样(n=2)行大体和组织学观察。结果各优化变量对微包囊粒径及其包封率均有影响,包囊表面光滑,成球较好。体外能够在11d内缓慢释放。术后3周大体观察,A组未触及移植物,B、C、D组可触及,微包囊呈白色颗粒包裹于组织中。组织学观察:术后3周,A组胶原已经完全吸收,其余3组可见残余胶原;术后4周,A组胶原已不易见到,B组可见微小颗粒骨继续吸收,体积变小;C组包囊体积缩小,囊间成骨性细胞增多;D组微小颗粒骨和微包囊继续吸收,成骨性细胞和软骨性细胞团增多;术后5周,B、C、D组均可见植入物体积减小,包囊被吸收破碎,但颗粒骨和包囊周围的软骨性细胞、成骨性细胞更加密集。结论优化PLGA微包囊制备工艺,使其在体外能够长时间缓释。自体微小颗粒骨可在臀大肌肌袋内异位诱导生成大量成骨性细胞,PLGA微包囊可以与其有机复合,并在减少生长因子用量的同时协同微小颗粒骨成骨。

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ECTOPIC OSTEOGENESIS OF AUTOLOGOUS MICROMORSELIZED BONE COMPOUNDED WITH SLOW-RELEASED rhBMP-2/PLGA MICROSPHERE

Objective To observe the release pattern of the microcysts and the effect of ectopic osteogenesis of combined micromorselized bone by optimized preparation of microcysts. Methods Optimized poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microcysts manufacturing method was performed with the orthogonal design, and the accumulated release amount of microcysts was calculated at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h, 72 h, 84 h, 96 h, 120 h, 144 h, 168 h, 192 h, 216 h, 240 h and 264 h. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6) and 1 cm length incision was cut in their bilateral thighs skin, forming 48 gluteus maximus muscle sack models. In group A, collagen was implanted to bilateral muscle sacks respectively. In group B, collagen and autologous morselized bone were implanted to bilateral muscle sacks. In group C, collagen and rhBMP-2/PLGA delayed release microcysts were implanted to bilateral muscle sacks respectively. In group D, collagen and morselized bone/rhBMP-2/PLGA delayed release microcysts were implanted to bilateral muscle sacks. Gross and histologic observations were made at 3, 4 and 5 weeks postoperatively. Results Every optimized variance had an effect on particle diameter of microcyst and its encapsulating rate. The microcyst's surface was smooth and had a fine spheroplast, which released slowly within 11 days in vitro. In the third week postoperatively, the graft in group A could not be touched, while the graft in all other 3 groups was still found. After 3 weeks, collagen was absorbed completely in group A, the residual collagen could be seen in groups B, C and D. After 4 weeks, collagen could be seen in group A; micromorselized bone continued to be absorbed and became smaller in group B; microsphere became smaller, osteoblasts increased in group C; micromorselized bone and microsphere continued to be absorbed, oteoblasts and chondroblasts increased. After 5 weeks, implants became small, microsphere was absorbed, osteoblasts and chondroblasts became more in groups B, C and D. Microcysts presented with white granulo-shape and were packaged in tissue pieces. Histologic observation showed that the PLGA microcysts in 3 weeks and 4 weeks could be absorbed gradually as the time in vivo, if combining with morselized bone they could produce abundant induced osteoblasts and chondroblasts. Conclusion Optimizing the preparation technology of microcysts has delayed their release during a long period in vitro. Autologous micromorselized bone can be ectopicly induced to produce large amount of osteoblasts in gluteus maximus muscle sack, where PLGA microcysts can combine organically and bring about the bone formation with less amount of growth factors.