早产发生相关因素及预防对策探讨

目的:分析母体因素与早产发生的关联性,寻求降低早产儿出生率的方法。方法:回顾性分析该院2008年1月～2010年12月出生的968例早产儿母亲的一般情况、文化程度、分娩史、孕期情况。结果:(1)2008～2010年早产率逐年上升,分别为3.06%、3.32%、4.20%;前3位早产原因依次为胎膜早破占33.70%,胎盘因素占17.84%,妊娠期高血压疾病占13.33%。⑵非本市户籍产妇的早产发生率(3.70%)明显高于本市户籍产妇早产发生率(2.31%);⑶早产的发生与母体多种因素有关,其中胎膜早破、胎盘因素、妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠合并内外科疾病是发生早产的主要因素;⑷年龄小或高龄、文化程度低、孕产次数多及未正规产检者早产发生率高。结论:早产的发生与母体多种因素有关,胎膜早破位居首位,需要采取综合积极措施才能减少早产儿的发生。

Discussion on the related factors and preventive measures of premature delivery

Objective:To analyze the correlation between maternal factors and the occurrence of premature delivery,find some methods to reduce the birth rate of premature infants. Methods:The general conditions,educational level,the history of delivery,and gestational conditions of the mothers of 968 premature infants who were born in the hospital from January 2008 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Results:From 2008 to 2010,the rate of premature delivery increased year by year,and the rates of premature delivery in 2008,2009,and 2010 were 3.06%,3.32%,and 4.20%,respectively;the top three causes of premature delivery were premature rupture of membrane(PROM)(33.70%),placental factors(17.84%),and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP)(13.33%).The incidence of premature delivery among migrant pregnant women was 3.70%,which was significantly higher than that in resident pregnant women(2.31%).The occurrence of premature delivery was correlated with multiple maternal factors;PROM,placental factors,HDCP,pregnancy combined with physical diseases or surgical diseases were the main factors of premature delivery.Premature delivery was easily to occur among the pregnant women under 20 years or above 35 years,with low educational level,many times of pregnancy and delivery,and without regular prenatal examination. Conclusion:The occurrence of premature delivery is correlated with many maternal factors,PROM ranks the top place,corresponding and active measures should be adopted to reduce the occurrence of premature infants.