2008年长春地区小儿急性呼吸道感染状况与疾病负担的研究

目的:了解2008年长春地区小儿急性呼吸道感染发病情况与疾病负担,为控制小儿急性呼吸道感染提供依据。方法:以2008年长春市儿童医院住院的急性呼吸道感染患儿为研究对象,用荧光定量PCR方法进行肺炎支原体检测,对患儿临床资料进行流行病学分析。结果:2008年长春地区小儿急性呼吸道感染发病率为33.67%(4 923/14 620),其中临床诊断急性上呼吸道感染(包括鼻炎、咽炎、扁桃体炎、喉炎)为14.08%(693/4 923)、急性支气管炎为4.12%(203/4 923)、急性毛细支气管炎为1.95%(96/4 923)、支气管肺炎为76.88%(3 785/4 923)、大叶性肺炎1.14%(56/4 923)、肺炎支原体肺炎1.83%(90/4 923);患儿年龄均值为(28.59±20.32)月龄;发病人数1月份最多,5月份开始下降,10月份再次增多;平均住院天数为7天,平均每个患儿住院医疗费用3 275.15元,总耗资约1 912万元,1例因急性呼吸道感染死亡。结论:长春地区小儿急性呼吸道感染住院人数多、耗资大,控制小儿急性呼吸道感染是对社会和家庭的挑战也是儿科医务工作者的当务之急。

A Study of status and disease burden in children with acute respiratory tract infection of Changchun area in 2008

Objective:To study on the status and disease burden in children with acute respiratory tract infection of Changchun area in 2008 and to provide a basis for the control of acute respiratory infections. Methods:Children with acute respiratory infections in our hospital were studied.Using the method of fluorescence quantitative PCR to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Clinical data of the children were studied by epidemiological method. Results:In 2008,in Changchun area,the incidence rate of acute respiratory tract infection in children was 33.67%(4 923/14 620).In which the rate of acute respiratory tract infection(including rhinitis,pharyngitis,tonsillitis,laryngitis) was 14.08%(693/4 923),acute bronchitis was 4.12%(203/4 923),acute bronchiolitis was 1.95%(96/4 923),bronchial pneumonia was 76.889%(3 785/4 923),lobar pneumonia was 1.14%(56/4 923),mycoplasma pneumonia was 1.83%(90/4 923).The average age of the children with acute respiratory infection was(28.59 ± 20.32) months.The numbers of acute respiratory infection were the most in Jan;it dropped in May;increased again in October.The average time in hospital was 7 days.The average medical expenses of each inpatient with acute respiratory infection was 3275.15 Yuan,the total cost of all the patients was about 19.12 million Yuan.There was one child died due to acute respiratory infections. Conclusion:There are many children with acute respiratory tract infection in Changchun,which is costly.The control of acute respiratory infections in children is a challenge to society and the family,and it is an urgent job for paediatric workers.