我国城市、农村妇女的妇女常见病普查健康知晓情况的差异分析

目的:了解中国城市和农村妇女人群妇女常见病普查健康知晓情况和差异,为制定相关健康教育政策提供科学依据,以促进城乡妇女病普查率的提高。方法:于2007年12月～2008年1月选取北京、福建、山西、湖北、安徽、黑龙江、新疆、四川、甘肃、广西为调查现场,采用整群抽样的方法,对7 261名调查对象进行入户调查,了解城乡适龄妇女妇女常见病普查健康知晓的状况。结果:城市及农村妇女的妇女病普查相关知识知晓率均较低,城市和农村妇女的妇女病普查普治知识知晓率基本一致,分别为40.7%、40.4%(P>0.05)。不同调查问题城市和农村妇女的知晓情况存在差异,多数问题城市妇女的知晓比例都要高于农村妇女(P<0.05)。城市和农村妇女获得妇女病普查普治知识途径中,最常见的途径均为朋友或者同事、医生讲解和咨询,分别占了56.4%、57.1%、42.5%、38.8%,其他途径如热线电话、宣传壁报和专栏、网络等所占比例均很小。此外,城市和农村妇女获得妇女病普查普治知识除了通过朋友或者同事这一途径没有差异外,其余多数途径所占比例城市妇女均高于农村妇女(P<0.05)。结论:城市、农村妇女在妇女常见病普查相关知识的知晓情况以及知晓途径方面存在差异,应制定城乡差异性的、有针对性的健康教育政策。

Analysis on the difference of awareness status of health of general investigation of common gynecological diseases among urban women and rural women in China

Objective: To understand the awareness status and difference of general investigation of common gynecological diseases among the urban women and rural women in China,provide a scientific basis for making related strategies for health education,in order to promote the increase of general investigation rate of urban and rural women. Methods: Beijing,Fujian,Shanxi,Hubei,Anhui,Heilongjiang,Xinjiang,Sichuan,Gansu,and Guangxi were selected as survey fields from December 2007 to January 2008,cluster sampling method was used to investigate 7 261 respondents by household survey to understand the awareness status of general investigation of common gynecological diseases among the urban women and rural women. Results: The awareness rates of related knowledge of general investigation of common gynecological diseases among the urban women and rural women were low,which were 40.7% and 40.4%,respectively,there was no significant difference(P>0.05).There was difference in the awareness status of different survey questions between urban women and rural women,the percentage of awareness of most questions among urban women was significantly higher than that among rural women(P<0.05).Among the ways for urban and rural women to obtain the knowledge of general screening and treatment,the most common ways were friends or colleagues,explanation and consultation from doctors,accounting for 56.4%,57.1%,42.5%,and 38.8%,respectively.The proportions of other ways,such as telephone hotline,blackboard newspaper and special column,and network,were very low.In addition,the proportions of different ways for urban women to obtain the knowledge of general screening and treatment were significantly higher than those for rural women(P<0.05) except by friends or colleagues(there was no statistically significant difference between urban women and rural women). Conclusion: There were differences in awareness status and ways of related knowledge of general investigation of common gynecological diseases between urban women and rural women,different and corresponding strategies for health education among urban and rural women should be designed.