编码MNS血型抗原的GYP基因组研究进展

MNS血型系统包括大约40多种抗原,其中最为重要的是M、N、S、s 4种抗原。M和N抗原决定簇位于红细胞膜的血型糖蛋白A(GPA)上。GPA是一种红细胞上的主要唾液酸糖蛋白。S和s抗原决定簇位于红细胞膜上血型糖蛋白B(GPB)的唾液酸糖蛋白上。编码GPA的基因GYPA和编码GPB的基因GYPB位于4号染色体的长臂,两者具有95%的同源序列,同时又与不表达产物的同源基因GYPE紧邻,构成GYPA-GYPB-GYPE结构,为杂交基因的形成创造了条件。这些杂交基因的表达产物具有不同的抗原性。本综述简要介绍GYP基因组的分子基础,特别对Miltenberger抗原系统杂交基因的多态性做了较为深入的阐述。

Research advances of genomic GYP coding MNS blood group antigens

The MNS blood group system includes more than 40 antigens, and the M, N, S and s antigens are the most significant ones in the system. The antigenic determinants of M and N antigens lie on the top of GPA on the surface of red blood cells, while the antigenic determinants of S and s antigens lie on the top of GPB on the surface of red blood cells. The GYPA gene coding GPA and the GYPB gene coding GPB locate at the longarm of chromosome 4 and display 95% homologus sequence, meanwhile both genes locate closely to GYPE gene that did not express product. These three genes formed "GYPA-GYPB-GYPE" structure called GYP genome. This review focuses on the molecular basis of genomic GYP and the variety of GYP genome in the expression of diversity MNS blood group antigens. The molecular basis of Miltenberger hybrid glycophorin polymorphism is specifically expounded.