四川汶川地震灾后医疗救助基线调查

目的 了解地震灾区居民灾后医疗需要及困难人群变化情况,为灾后医疗救助工作提供政策建议.方法 采用现场入户问卷调查、文献研究等方法,对灾区10个县(市、区)4 380户居民的收入、患病率及精神健康状况进行调查.结果 在极重灾区,农村及城镇中分别有80.4%、52.8%的居民靠政府救济生活;困难群众的比例由灾前的5%左右增加到极重灾区的75%以上,重灾区的15%左右,一般灾区的10%左右.测算2009年四川省新增医疗救助资金将达到3.5亿,超出2009年预算的2倍.极重灾区每千人两周患病率是2003年第三次卫生服务调查的2倍多,并以急性呼吸道疾病、类风湿等疾病为主;极重灾区有将近70%的居民精神健康处于高危险状态.结论 应加强医疗救助资金的筹集与使用管理;对灾后医疗救助人群实行动态管理.根据灾后卫生服务需求及灾害发生后的病伤特点,制定、调整相应的医疗救助服务包,加强医疗救助与基本医疗保险制度的衔接.

Baseline investigation of medical aid following Wenchuan Eathquake

Objective This paper aims to make clear the post-disaster medical needs of residents in the disaster areas and changes among the poor population, for the purpose of policy recommendations on post-disaster medical assistance. Methods Such methods as in-home questionnaire survey and literature study were used to study the income, prevalence rate and mental health of 4 380 households in 10 counties (cities and districts) in the disaster areas. Results In the hardest hit areas, 80. 4% and 52. 8% of residents in rural and urban areas are dependent on government relief respectively;the proportion of poor population resulting from the disaster rose from 5% before the disaster to over 75% afterwards in the hard-hit areas, while such a population rose to 15% in the hardest-hit areas and about 10% in general disaster areas;It is estimated that the new medical aid funds in Sichuan Province will reach 350 million yuan, two-fold that of the budget for 2009;In the hardest hit areas, the two-week prevalence rate per thousand people is twice that found in the third survey of health services in 2003, characterized of acute respiratory illness and rheumatoid;In the hardest-hit areas, nearly 70% of the residents are exposed to high mental health risks. Conclusion Recommendations: Strengthening the raising and use of medical aid fund;dynamic management for the population in need of post-disaster medical aid;Developing appropriate medical aid packages to fit post-disaster health needs and postdisaster disease characteristics;and consolidating the connection between medical aid and primary medical insurance system.