两种冶炼工艺对作业工人健康影响的比较

目的探讨2种不同冶炼生产工艺下职业病有害因素对作业工人健康的影响。方法采用原子吸收分光光度计石墨炉法对尿铅含量进行测定，运用t和X^2检验对结果进行统计分析。结果传统工艺所测铅烟、二氧化硫浓度分别为（1．023±0．931）、（3．753±1．631）mg／m^3，新工艺则分别为（0．308±0．166）、（1．227±0．903）mg/m^3，传统工艺与新工艺所测铅烟、二氧化硫浓度差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；在所调查的63个项目中有鼻干、腹痛、乏力、牙齿松动4项接触组明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）；职业健康检查中有贫血、慢性支气管炎、尿潜血、慢性鼻炎、慢性结膜炎、肝功能接触组明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）；2组炉前工的尿铅超标人数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论通过技术改造后车间铅烟、二氧化硫等职业病危害因素浓度明显下降，职业病危害因素对作业工人的健康影响有明显改善。

Comparison of Effects of 2 Types of Smelting Processes on Health of Exposed Workers

[Objective]To explore the effects of occupational hazards caused by 2 types of smelting processes on health of exposed workers.[Methods]Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer was applied to measure lead content of urine,t test and χ2 test were used to analyze results statistically.[Results]Measured by traditional crafts, the content of lead and sulfur dioxide concentration was (1.023±0.931) mg/m3 and (3.753±1.631) mg/m3; (0.308±0.166) mg/m3 and (1.227±0.903) mg /m3 by new techniques, the differences were significant (P＜0.05). In the occupational health examination, anemia, chronic bronchitis, urinary occult blood, chronic rhinitis, chronic conjunctivitis, liver function of exposed group was more serious than that of control group significantly (P＜0.05); the difference of the number of workers with excessive urine lead between 2 groups was significant(P＜0.01).[Conclusion]After technical reform, concentrations of occupational hazards such as lead smoke and sulfur dioxide decrease significantly, and the effect on health of workers has improved obviously.