New insights into the immunoregulatory functions of mast cells |
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Affiliation: | 1. Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Montpellier, France;2. Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine), F-38000 Grenoble, France;3. CNRS UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France;4. Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation, and Conservation (MARBEC), UMR 9190 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)–CNRS–Université de Montpellier (UM)–Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université Montpellier, Montpellier , France;5. Université de Montpellier, botAnique et Modélisation de l''Architecture des Plantes et des végétations (AMAP), Montpellier CEDEX 5, France;6. French Institute of Pondicherry, Pondicherry 605001, India;7. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;8. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada;9. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;10. Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada;11. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia;1. Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain;2. CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain;3. Allergy Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain;4. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain;5. Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;2. Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom;1. College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China;2. Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China |
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Abstract: | Mast cells, which are preferentially located in connective tissues and epithelial layers, are now recognized as effector cells that participate in innate and acquired immunity. Upon activation with various secretagogues, mast cells release a large number of mediators stored in their secretory granules which consist of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, proteoglycans and neutral proteases. In addition to soluble mediators, mast cell granules have recently been shown to harbour small vesicles with immunoregulatory properties. Isolated exosomes have been shown to activate B and T lymphocytes and act as potent adjuvants for specific antibody responses in vivo. In this article I will discuss the mechanisms by which mast cells fulfill immunoregulatory functions that may be beneficial for the host. |
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