2013年10月-2014年8月天津市孕妇食盐摄碘量及碘营养水平调查

目的 掌握天津市孕妇食盐摄碘量及碘营养水平,分析盐碘与碘营养的关系,为孕妇科学补碘提供依据。 方法 2013年10月-2014年8月,在全市6个区县,采取分层随机抽样方法,每个区县抽取孕早(≤12周)、孕中(13～28周)、孕晚期(29～40周)的孕妇各约30名,6个区县共545名(孕早、中、晚期各173、203、169名)孕妇采集其随机尿样25 ml测定尿碘,采集孕妇家庭盐样测定盐碘,并采用3 d称量法测量人均食盐摄入量。 结果 孕妇家庭碘盐覆盖率为85.29%,盐碘中位数为24.3 mg/kg(四分位数间距 21.8~26.9 mg/kg),人均摄盐量(10.34±5.32) g/d,不同孕期、不同区县间每日摄盐量差异无统计学意义(分别F=1.022,P=0.360; F=0.692,P=0.630)。食盐摄碘量中位数为187.11 μg/d(四分位数间距 119.73~267.17 μg/d),不同孕期食盐摄碘量差异无统计学意义(H=1.640, P=0.440),不同区县食盐摄碘量差异有统计学意义(H=13.667, P=0.018)。尿碘中位数为127.20 μg/L(四分位数间距 82.44~184.95 μg/L),不同孕期、不同区县尿碘差异均无统计学意义(分别H=3.264,P=0.196; H=3.599, P=0.609)。62.57%的孕妇碘营养不足,24.59%的孕妇碘营养适宜,11.01%的孕妇碘营养超过适宜量,还有1.83%的孕妇碘过量。 结论 天津市孕妇碘营养处于不足状态,目前盐碘浓度对孕妇碘营养略有不足。

Survey on iodine intake from salt and iodine nutrition in pregnant women in Tianjin during December,2013 and August, 2014

Objective To investigate the iodine intake from salt and the iodine nutrition level in pregnant women in Tianjin and to analyze the relationship between salt iodine and their iodine nutritional status so as to provide a basis for scientific supplementation of iodine in pregnant women. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select pregnant women in the first (≤12 weeks), second (13-28 weeks) and third trimester (29-40 weeks) of pregnancy in Tianjin from 2013 to 2014, with about 30 pregnant women for each trimester, each county or district. Urine samples of 25 ml were collected from 545 pregnant women (including 173, 203 and 169 in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy respectively) from 6 counties or districts for determination of urine iodine. Household salt samples were collected for salt iodine determination, and salt intake per capita was measured by 3-day weighing method. Results The household coverage rate of iodized salt in the pregnant women was 85.29%. The median of salt iodine was 24.3 mg/kg (interquartile range 21.8-26.9 mg/kg). The average per capita intake of salt was (10.34± 5.32) g/d. The daily salt intake was not significantly different among pregnant women in different pregnancy stages (F=1.022, P=0.360) or from different counties or districts (F=0.692, P=0.630). The median of iodine intake from salt in the pregnant women was 187.11 μg/d g (interquartile range 119.73-267.17μg/d). Statistically significant difference in the amount of salt iodine intake was not found among pregnant women in different pregnancy stages (H=1.640, P=0.440), but was found among pregnant women from various counties or districts (H=13.667, P=0.018). The median of urinary iodine of the pregnant women was 127.20 μg/L (interquartile range 82.44-184.95μg/L). No statistically significant difference was observed in urinary iodine among pregnant women in different pregnancy stages (H=3.264, P=0.196) or from different counties or districts (H=3.599, P=0.609). 62.57% of the pregnant women sufferred from iodine deficiency, 24.59% remained adequate iodine nutrition, 11.01% took iodine more than appropriate amount, and 1.83% took excessive amount of iodine. Conclusions The iodine nutrition of the pregnant women in Tianjin stays in the status of iodine deficiency, and the salt iodine concentration is slightly unadequate for iodine nutrition of the pregnant women.