北京市平谷区职业人群健康素养状况调查

目的了解平谷区职业人群健康素养水平、健康知识知晓率、健康行为形成率,为采取适宜的健康教育方式、策略提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取全区农林牧渔业、住宿餐饮业、其他服务行业三类职业人群共计650人,使用市疾病预防控制中心统一制作问卷进行健康素养状况调查。结果职业人群健康知识总体知晓率为63.0%;健康行为形成率为62.5%。文化、性别、年龄等多因素影响健康素养水平。三大职业人群对与医学相关的健康知识知晓率较低,尤其是紧急救护知识最低为28.5%;在职业防护知识中,比较关注职业危害的防护培训、设施、用品,而对《职业病防治法》了解甚少,为27.6%;对于健康基础指标、吸烟危害、农药安全等知识人群知晓率相对较高,分别为85.1%、86.2%、91.7%。在健康行为指标中,食用加碘盐知晓率最高,其次是每年体检,知晓率最低的依然是看病就医,分别为94.7%、85.1%、27.9%;拨打"120"、触电急救等基本技能知识知晓率相对较高,为94.5%和78.1%。结论应根据职业人群不同特征采取适宜的健康教育方式,加强健康知识宣传力度。尤其应增加紧急医疗救护、职业防护等相关知识储备,提高人群健康素养水平。

Survey on health literacy of working population in Pinggu District of Beijing City

Objective To understand health literacy level,healthy knowledge awareness rate,and the healthy behavior formation,and to adopt suitable health education strategies.Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 650 participant mainly working in field of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,fishery,accommodation service,and other areas.They were interviewed by the questionnaire developed by Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Results Awareness rate of health knowledge was 63.0%,and healthy behavior formation rate was 62.5%.The factors affecting health literacy included education level,sex,and age.Participants had low level in awareness rate of medicine-related health knowledge,especially first-aid knowledge,28.5% and 45.6%,respectively.Only most of them paid attention on occupation harm protection,and corresponding devices and equipments,but only 27.6% knew the Law of Occupation Disease Prevention.They were aware of basic health indicators,smoking harms,and pesticide safety,85.1%,86.2%,and 91.7%,respectively.Among health behavior indictors,94.7% were using idolized salt;85.1% had physical examination annually;only 27.9% visited doctors when feeling ill.94.5% of them knew the emergency call number,and 78.1% knew basis first-aid knowledge for electricity strike.Conclusion Different health education measures should be implemented and enhanced based on the characteristics of different groups of working population.Knowledge on first-aid and occupation harm protection is especially needed to improve health literacy.