老年人跌倒居家危险因素干预效果及需求研究

目的了解老年人跌倒居家环境危险因素的干预效果。方法选择上海市长宁区一个居委会内居住的所有家中有60岁以上老年人的住户,就家中可能引起老年人跌倒的28项环境危险因素开展上门调查评估和干预。初次上门10个月后,再次入户评估危险因素的改变情况,并进行4组老年人的小组访谈。结果干预后,所有28项危险因素的总体发生率从干预前的30.1%降低到15.3%,改变率为49.2%。其中20项发生率显著下降,但地面易打滑、楼梯不使用双控开关、阳台没封闭等8项危险因素的改变无统计学差异,访谈结果显示没有发生改变的主要原因是硬件设施改善难度较高且花费较大,希望改变但没有能力。结论入户干预可以减少老年人跌倒居家危险因素。

Effectiveness and needs assessment of intervention on fall-related home hazards in elderly people in community

Objective To study the effectiveness of intervention on fall-related home hazards in elderly adults.Methods Totally 289 families with people older than 60 were included in this study.In-home assessment was carried out to evaluate 28 fall-related environment hazards,and modification advice was given to residents.The second in-home assessment was conducted 10 months later.A group interview comprised of 4 groups was carried out after the second assessment. Results The general incidence of hazards had changed from 30.1% to 15.3%,49.2% of which had been eliminated after the intervention.20 hazards out of 28 had decreased significantly.The other 8 hazards such as slippy floor,poor switch of lights in the stairs,and open balcony hadn＇t changed significantly.Group interview suggested that huge expense and difficulty resulted from facility improvment blocked the change though the elderly adults who welcomed changes but were not able to make them happen.Conclusion Fall-related home hazards can be reduced through in-home assessment and intervention.