批判性思维概念的理论探讨

目的通过对文献资料的收集、整理,较全面地了解批判性思维概念的内涵。方法选择不同时期、不同教科书、不同社团组织具有代表性的对批判性思维的定义及逻辑学大辞典对批判性思维(CT)的定义,进行比较、分析、归纳和整合。结果根据逻辑学定义的基本方法——种差加临近属概念,尝试从发生、操作、功用性等方面给出批判性思维的定义。结论批判性思维是发生在人们听、说、读、写等人际沟通以及从事的各类社会实践活动中;通过学习并运用哲学、心理学、逻辑学、系统科学、社会科学等人文社会知识和相关专业的自然科学知识,主动从多角色、多层面、多时间段进行反省性思考、调查与论证,实事求是地进行合情合理的评估、判断与决定,目的明确地提出问题和解决问题;最终促进事物有序的发生、发展,利于个人心智健康的成长、成熟,推动社会和谐的发展与进步的科学思维方法。

Theoretic Research About the Conception of Critical Thinking

Objective The intension of conception about critical thinking will be rather roundly understood through collection and coordination of literature data .Methods The some representative definitions of critical thinking were choose from differ days,differ textbooks,differ offices of institutional research and logic thesaurus for comparing,analyzing,inducing,conforming.Results Based on essence method of logic definition,that is specific difference and near concept of genus,critical thinking may be defined on genetic,operational and functional definition.Conclusion Critical thinking could occur during listening,speaking,reading and writing of interpersonal communication and every activity of social practice. It is necessary that philosophy,psychology,logic,systemic science,social science of humanities and correlation natural science should be studied and exercised. It is a process of self-reflection thinking actively on differ role,multilevel,more time,research and argument,realistic fair and reasonable evaluation,estimation and decision,defining and solving question. Finally,it is a thinking method of science for promoting orderly formation and development of thing,profiting individual shape and mature of thinker,impelling harmonious development and progress of community.