东莞市厚街镇学校食堂食品安全问题及对策

目的为及时了解学生集体用餐单位食品卫生安全现状，为卫生监督管理提供准确有效的科学依据，保障广大师生饮食卫生安全。方法根据CZ生部食品卫生监督量化分级管理指南》等相关法律法规，对52家学校食堂进行风险性和食品卫生信誉度等级评定；并依据GB14934—94《食（饮）具消毒卫生标准》中的纸片法，对集体用餐供餐单位提供盛装直接入口的容器餐具进行大肠菌群的检验，对其消毒效果进行评价。结果52个学校食堂中A级4个，B级24个，C级22个，D级2个，各类学校食堂卫生许可持证率96．15％。从业人员持证率95．44％；民办学校卫生的管理制度不落实，加工场所和卫生设施严重不足；各类学生集体用餐单位餐用具消毒合格率较低，合格率为56．71％，其中公办中小学，民办中小学，公办幼儿园，民办幼儿园合格率分别为83．33％、30．48％、74．13％、49．58％，公办中小学、公办幼儿园食（饮）具消毒合格率高于民办中小学、民办幼儿园合格率，差异有统计学意义（χ^2=116．66，P〈0．01）。结论公办学校在卫生管理制度的落实，基础卫生设施等方面好于民办学校，应进一步加强对学校食堂食品安全的监督力度，加强餐用具消毒效果的监测。

Food Safety Problems and Countermeasures for ltoujie School Canteens in Dongguan City

Objective To know timely the safety status of students collective dining units to provide accurate efficient scientific basis for health supervision and management and to ensure the food safety and health for teachers and students. Methods According to relevant laws and regulations, 52 school canteens were graded for risk and food hygiene credibility; and according to the test paper method in GB14934-94 （food/drinking disinfection health standards）, directly filling containers and tablewares provided by the collective dining units were tested for coliform to evaluate the disinfection effects. Results In 52 school canteens, A level 4, B level 24, C level 22, D level 2; various school canteens＇ health permit holder rate was 96.15%, employee holder rate of health certification was 95.44%; Private schools had not implemented health management system, the processing places and the sanitation facilities were insufficient; The rate of qualified disinfection of various types of students collective dining units was quite low, with the qualified rate of 56.71%, in which public primary and secondary schools, private primary and secondary schools, public kindergartens, private kindergarten, their qualified rates were 83.33%, 30.48%,74.13%,49.58% respectively; the rates of qualified disinfection tablewares in public primary and secondary schools, public kindergartens were higher than those in private primary and secondary schools, private kindergartens; There were significant statistical differences （χ^2=116.66, P 〈0.01）. Conclusion Implement of health management system and basic sanitation facilities in public schools are more advanced than those in private schools; Further supervision should be taken to ensure the safety of food and the effects of disinfection tablewares in school canteens.