In vivo analysis of dopamine and its metabolites in the caudate nucleus during euthermia and hibernation |
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| Authors: | Steven K. Salzman Carmen Llados-Eckman Alexander L. Beckman |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;2. Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China;3. The University of Notre Dame Australia/Marian Centre, Perth, Australia;4. School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia;5. Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China;6. Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;1. School of Energy and Machinery Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330006, PR China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China;3. Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Luminescence Materials and Devices of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, PR China;4. Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Ionic Rare Earth Resources (Jiangxi University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Ganzhou 341000, PR China |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Citellus lateralis) were chronically implanted with a unilateral push-pull cannula in the caudate nucleus. Perfusates obtained in these unanesthetized, unrestrained animals during the euthermic (non-hibernating) and hibernating states were analyzed for dopamine (DA) and its metabolites (homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethanol (MOPET) using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The data revealed clear differences in the performance of the caudate DA system in the two states. During the euthermic state, DA metabolism was indicative of a constant and high turnover rate. Free DA was not detectable in the majority of samples, HVA was detected at consistently high levels, and DOPAC and conjugated DA were present at low levels. By contrast, DA metabolism was sharply altered during hibernation. Free DA was present at high concentrations and HVA concentrations were low. DOPAC was not detected in any sample whereas MOPET was present in all samples. Conjugated DA was present at high concentrations during the second half of the hibernation bout. The shift in the post-release disposition of DA could enhance the stability of DA receptors (i.e. prevent supersensitivity) during the prolonged periods of reduced neural activity typical of hibernation. |
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| Keywords: | hibernation euthermia dopamine homovanillic acid (HVA) 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethanol (MOPET) caudate nucleus push-pull perfusion |
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