我国60岁及以上老年人日常生活活动能力对抑郁状况的影响

目的探究日常生活活动能力(ADL)对老年人抑郁的影响, 并关注社会网络及子女支持在其中的作用。方法使用2018年"中国老年社会追踪调查"资料中年龄≥60岁者作为研究对象。估计样本量10 215人。ADL、社会网络、抑郁状况均使用量表测量, 采用有调节的中介模型对社会网络及子女支持的作用进行分析。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析, 使用PROCESS 3.3宏程序进行有调节的中介效应检验。结果共纳入年龄≥60岁老年人10 760人作为研究对象, ADL对老年人抑郁状况存在直接影响(β=-0.090, P<0.01);社会网络在ADL与抑郁关系中发挥了中介作用(β=0.035, P<0.01;β=-0.064, P<0.05), 子女支持发挥调节作用(β=-0.029, P<0.05)。结论社会网络是缓冲老年人ADL下降对抑郁状况影响的重要资源, 子女支持是增强社会网络积极作用、减轻老年人抑郁风险的有力补充, 应充分发挥社会网络和子女支持的协同作用, 减缓老年人ADL下降对其心理健康的影响。

Impact of activities of daily living on depression in the elderly aged 60 and above in China

Objective To explore the impact of activities of daily living(ADL)on depression in the elderly and the role of social networks and children's support.Methods Data used in this study were obtained as participants aged 60 and above from the"China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey 2018",with a sample size of 10215.ADL,social network and depression were measured on scales.The moderated mediation model was used to analyze the role of social networks and children's support.The SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis,the PROCESS 3.3 macro program was used to test the moderated mediation effect.Results A total of 10760 participants aged 60 and above were included.Activities of daily living showed a direct impact on depression in the elderly(β=-0.090,P<0.01),with social network playing a mediating role(β=0.035,P<0.01;β=-0.064,P<0.05)and children's support played a moderating role(β=-0.029,P<0.05)in the relationship between the elderly's ADL and depression.Conclusions The social network is an essential buffer to declining ADL's negative impact on depression of older adults.Children's support is a powerful supplement to enhance social networks'positive role and reduce the risk of elderly depression.Exerting the combined advantages of social networks and children's support are important ways to maintain the elderly's mental health.