冲击性加速度对飞行员颈部的损伤与防护研究

目的 对军事飞行员冲击性加速度暴露引起的颈部损伤的国内外研究现状进行综述.资料来源与选择 该领域相关研究论文和综述.资料引用 国内外公开发表的论文和综述36篇.资料综合 主要对人颈椎的解剖学特点和在航空动力环境中的适应性改变、冲击性加速度对飞行员颈部损伤的发病率和发病形式、冲击性加速度对飞行员颈部损伤的力学分析和生理机制探讨、冲击性加速度对飞行员颈部损伤的研究方法以及冲击性加速度对飞行员颈部损伤的防护措施5个方面进行了介绍和讨论.结论 军事飞行员在冲击性加速度下的颈部损伤危险不可避免,因此需要充分重视和增强其防护措施的研究,以提高飞行员的职业健康水平、延长飞行寿命.

Researches of impact acceleration induced pilot's neck injuries and prevention methods

Objective To review the research status on the impact acceleration induced pilots' neck injuries and prevention methods. Literature resource and selection Research papers and reviews in this field. Literature quotation Thirty-six papers and reviews that published at home and abroad were cited. Literature synthesis Five major pertinent issues, which including anatomical characteristics of cervical spine and its physiologic adaptive changes under aviation dynamic circumstances, pattern and incidence of impact acceleration induced pilots' neck injuries, analysis of the dynamics of impact and the physiology mechanism of injury, methods of study in this field and prevention strategy were reviewed and discussed. Conclusion The potential risk of pilot's neck injuries induced by impact acceleration is inevitable. Therefore it's important to emphasize the theoretical research, strengthen equipment development and supply the technological aids for improving pilots' health level and prolonging their carrier.