浏阳市居民新鲜水果摄入频率与脑卒中发病的关联

目的 了解湖南省浏阳市居民新鲜水果摄入频率情况,探讨新鲜水果摄入频率与脑卒中发病关联。 方法 利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究湖南省浏阳市项目点30～79岁常住居民基线调查数据和随访获得的脑卒中发病数据,利用Cox比例风险模型,在调整混杂因素后,评估新鲜水果摄入频率与脑卒中发病的关联。 结果 共57 288名研究对象纳入分析,浏阳市仅7.38%的研究对象每周有4 d及以上吃新鲜水果 。男性、家庭年收入水平低、文化程度低、吸烟、饮酒人群新鲜水果摄入频率较低(P<0.001)。2015—2019年共随访观察到2 720例脑卒中发病。增加新鲜水果摄入频率对脑卒中的发病有保护作用,与不吃或极少吃新鲜水果相比,每周有4 d及以上吃新鲜水果脑卒中的发病风险降低了28%(HR=0.72,95%CI:0.61~0.85),缺血性脑卒中的发病风险降低了25%(HR=0.75,95%CI:0.60~0.94),出血性脑卒中的发病风险降低了51%(HR=0.49,95%CI:0.35~0.76)。 结论 新鲜水果摄入频率增加能降低脑卒中发病风险。浏阳市居民新鲜水果摄入频率情况不容乐观,针对这一问题,需要采取适当措施以增加居民新鲜水果摄入频率。

Association between frequency of fresh fruit intake and stroke incidence among residents in Liuyang City

Objective To understand the frequency of fresh fruit consumption among residents in Liuyang City, and to explore the correlation between the frequency of fresh fruit consumption and the incidence of stroke. Methods We collected the data regarding permanent residents aged 30-79 years from the baseline survey of China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) in the project site, Liuyang City of Hunan Province and the follow-up data about stroke incidence. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to estimate the association between the frequency of fresh fruit consumption and the risk of stroke after adjusting for confounding factors. Results A total of 57,288 participants were recruited in the baseline survey, and only 7.38% of the participants consumed fresh fruits ≥ 4 days per week. Participants with lower frequency of fresh fruit consumption tended to be males, have low annual family income and a low level of education, and be current smokers and current drinkers (P<0.001). A total of 2,720 incident stroke cases were recorded during the follow-up from 2015 to 2019. Fresh fruit consumption had an inverse association with stroke incidence. Compared with the participants who never consumed fresh fruit, respondents who consumed fresh fruit ≥ 4 days per week had a 28% lower risk of stroke incidence (HR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.61-0.85), and the corresponding risk reduction was 25% (HR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.60-0.94) for ischemic stroke and 51% (HR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.35-0.76) for hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion Increasing the frequency of fresh fruit consumption may have a beneficial effect on prevention of stroke. The consumption of fresh fruits among the residents in Liuyang City is not optimistic; and hence, appropriate measures need to be taken to increase the consumption level.