深圳市坪山区学龄前儿童贫血危险因素的1∶1配比病例对照研究

目的 探索学龄前儿童贫血高危因素,为儿童贫血防控提供参考依据。 方法 采用1∶1配比的病例对照研究方法,将2018年7月—2019年7月深圳市坪山区学龄前儿童血常规检测为贫血的儿童纳入病例组,按照班级、性别和年龄配对选择健康的儿童为对照组,收集相关资料,运用单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析儿童贫血的高危因素。 结果 采集了301对研究对象的相关信息,对26个主要研究因素进行了单因素分析。结果显示:儿童籍贯,母亲孕前、孕期和哺乳期贫血,母亲主动或被动吸烟,分娩孕周,G6PD缺乏或携带地贫基因与儿童贫血存在统计学关联(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果发现,母亲孕期贫血(OR=5.13,95%CI:3.08～8.53),携带地贫基因(OR=16.80, 95%CI:5.03～56.18)和近两周感冒咳嗽(OR=1.66,95%CI:1.06～2.58)的儿童贫血发生风险较高,而分娩孕周较大的儿童贫血发生风险低于孕周较小的儿童(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.39～0.85)。 结论 母亲孕期贫血,携带地贫基因,近两周感冒咳嗽和分娩孕周是儿童贫血的主要影响因素,在儿童贫血防控过程中应重点关注。

1:1 matched case-control study on risk factors for anemia among preschool children in Pingshan District of Shenzhen City

Objective To explore high-risk factors of anemia among preschoolers so as to provide a reference basis for anemia prevention and control among children. Methods A 1∶1 matched case-control study was conducted. Preschoolers diagnosed with anemia in the blood routine test in Pingshan District of Shenzhen City from July 2018 to July 2019 were enrolled into the case group, and healthy preschoolers were selected as the control group according to class, gender and age matching. The related information was collected. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were used to explore high-riskfactors of anemia in the preschoolers. Results The information about 301 cases and 301 controls was collected, and univariable analysis of 26 major factors was performed. The results displayed that preschoolers’ household register, mothers with anemia before or during pregnancy orduring breastfeedingperiod, mothers smoked actively or passively, gestationalage at delivery, G6PD deficiency and carrying thalassemia gene were statistically correlated with children’s anemia (P<0.05). The results of multivariable analysis revealed that children with mothers having anemia during pregnancy (OR=5.13, 95%CI:3.08-8.53), children carrying thalassemia gene (OR=16.80, 95%CI:5.03-56.18) and children with cold and cough in the past two weeks (OR=1.66, 95%CI:1.06-2.58) had a higher risk of anemia, but the risk of anemia was lower in children with older gestational age at delivery than in ones with younger gestational age at delivery (OR=0.57, 95%CI:0.39-0.85). Conclusion Mothers with anemia during pregnancy, carrying with thalassemia gene, suffering from cold and cough in the past two weeks, and gestational age at delivery are the main factors influencing anemia in children, and special attention should be paid tothese factorsin anemia prevention and control among children.